Introduction Vascular calcification (VC) is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with poor cardiovascular prognosis. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of VC on blood pressure variability (BPV) in animal models of CKD. Methods Two optimal modelling methods, adenine high-phosphorus (HP) diet + calcitriol and 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) + HP diet + calcitriol, for CKD-VC were chosen from the first-step experiment for the next step. A total of 36 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the standard-chow, sham-operated, adenine, 5/6Nx, adenine-VC, and 5/6Nx-VC groups. Continuous blood pressure (BP) measurement using the BP-2000 animal noninvasive BP analyser was started at the 9th week for the standard-chow, adenine, and adenine-VC groups and at the 7th week for the sham-operated, 5/6Nx, and 5/6Nx-VC groups. BPV metrics (BPVs), including the difference between maximum and minimum values, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, average real variability, and residuals derived from the generalized linear model of BP, were calculated. Results The first experiment showed that the use of calcitriol accelerated the progression of VC in CKD rats (the modelling period was shortened from 16 weeks to 4-8 weeks) and confirmed the occurrence of VC at weeks 8 and 6 in the adenine-VC and 5/6Nx-VC groups, respectively. In the second experiment, 13 of 20 hour-to-hour BPVs increased significantly with the development of CKD and VC. BPV differences among the standard-chow, adenine, and adenine-VC groups were mainly due to the differences between the standard-chow and adenine-VC groups (7 of 10 BPVs were significantly different), followed by the differences between the standard-chow and adenine groups (3 of 10). BPV differences among the sham-operated, 5/6Nx, and 5/6Nx-VC groups were caused by the differences between the 5/6Nx-VC and 5/6Nx groups (4 of 10) or the 5/6Nx-VC and sham-operated groups (3 of 10). Conclusion An increased BPV is observed in CKD rats, and VC further aggravates the abnormality of BPVs independent of CKD.


中文翻译：

---

血管钙化加剧慢性肾脏病的异常血压变异性：大鼠“两步法”研究

引言 血管钙化 (VC) 是慢性肾脏病 (CKD) 的常见并发症，心血管预后较差。本研究的目的是探讨 VC 对 CKD 动物模型中血压变异性 (BPV) 的影响。方法从第一步实验中选择两种最佳建模方法，腺嘌呤高磷（HP）饮食+骨化三醇和5/6肾切除术（Nx）+ HP饮食+骨化三醇，用于下一步的CKD-VC。总共 36 只雄性 Wistar 大鼠被随机分配到标准食物组、假手术组、腺嘌呤组、5/6Nx 组、腺嘌呤-VC 组和 5/6Nx-VC 组。使用 BP-2000 动物无创血压分析仪的连续血压 (BP) 测量在第 9 周开始用于标准食物、腺嘌呤和腺嘌呤-VC 组，并在第 7 周用于假手术，5/6Nx，和 5/6Nx-VC 组。BPV指标（BPVs），包括最大值和最小值之间的差异、标准偏差、变异系数、平均实际变异性和从 BP 的广义线性模型导出的残差。结果 第一项实验表明，骨化三醇的使用加速了 CKD 大鼠 VC 的进展（建模周期从 16 周缩短为 4-8 周），并证实腺嘌呤-VC 和第 8 周和第 6 周出现 VC， 5/6Nx-VC组，分别。在第二个实验中，随着 CKD 和 VC 的发展，20 小时 BPV 中有 13 小时显着增加。标准食物、腺嘌呤和腺嘌呤-VC 组之间的 BPV 差异主要是由于标准食物和腺嘌呤-VC 组之间的差异（10 个 BPV 中有 7 个显着不同），其次是标准食物组和腺嘌呤组之间的差异（10 个中的 3 个）。假手术组、5/6Nx 和 5/6Nx-VC 组之间的 BPV 差异是由 5/6Nx-VC 和 5/6Nx 组（10 个中的 4 个）或 5/6Nx-VC 和假手术组之间的差异引起的-操作组（10 个中的 3 个）。结论 CKD大鼠BPV升高，VC进一步加重BPV异常，与CKD无关。