ABSTRACT

The Soviet authorities applied the most rigid model of state–confessional relations—segregation—to the Russian Orthodox Church. They emphasized the complete exclusion of the church from public life and its subsequent liquidation. By 1919 the Church was already publicly avoiding conflict with the Soviet authorities; its attempts at adaptation, however, were unsuccessful. By 1939, the church organization in the Soviet Union was practically eliminated, though the majority of the population still believed in God. This fact, as well as foreign-policy interests and the loyalty to the state exhibited by the majority of believers during the war, led to a softening of the segregation model and to the church’s adaptation to operating within the Soviet state.

摘要

苏联当局对俄罗斯东正教会采用了最严格的国家-信仰关系模式——隔离。他们强调将教会完全排除在公共生活之外并随后将其清算。到 1919 年，教会已经公开避免与苏联当局发生冲突；然而，它的改编尝试没有成功。到 1939 年，苏联的教会组织几乎被消灭，尽管大多数人仍然相信上帝。这一事实，以及大多数信徒在战争期间表现出的外交政策利益和对国家的忠诚，导致隔离模式的软化和教会适应在苏维埃国家内运作。