Hospitals in Norway are organized as trusts, required to follow the same accounting principles as the private sector, and responsible for funding their own investments. Thus, being able to run with a surplus has been an important part of their management. We analyze hospital budgeting for the whole sector over a 9-year period, looking at the size of the budget surplus, degree of optimism bias, and degree of budget accuracy when comparing to the actual financial results. Our findings indicate that on average, health trusts budget with a relatively small surplus. We find indications for optimism bias, but also examples of pessimism bias. Large health trusts seem to have a higher degree of accuracy of the budgeted results. Trusts that fail to meet budgeted results have a lower budgeted surplus the following period. Capital intensity, an indication of need for new investments, is not associated with budget surplus, degree of optimism, or budget accuracy.

中文翻译：

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公立医院信托的预算：盈余、乐观和准确性

挪威的医院以信托形式组织，要求遵循与私营部门相同的会计原则，并负责为自己的投资提供资金。因此，能够有盈余运行一直是他们管理的重要组成部分。我们分析了整个行业 9 年期间的医院预算，与实际财务结果进行比较，考察预算盈余规模、乐观偏差程度以及预算准确性程度。我们的研究结果表明，平均而言，健康信托预算的盈余相对较小。我们发现了乐观偏见的迹象，但也发现了悲观偏见的例子。大型健康信托基金的预算结果似乎具有更高的准确性。未能达到预算结果的信托在下一时期的预算盈余较低。资本密集度，