Childhood poverty increases the likelihood of being poor as an adult. We know relatively little about this persistence of poverty in the past and whether it changed as modern welfare societies developed. This study both analyses determinants of childhood poverty and assesses the association between childhood poverty and economic outcomes in adulthood for men and women who grew up in southern Sweden, and who were followed to adulthood regardless of where in Sweden they resided. Poverty is measured in relative terms. Being raised by a single mother, foreign origin, and being raised in a context where the household head was not employed were important risk factors for childhood poverty. Growing up in relative poverty was in turn associated with low income and education in adulthood. Both the persistence and intensity of childhood poverty mattered, and so did the age during which poverty was experienced. Patterns were similar for men and women, and there was no consistent change over time as the Swedish welfare state expanded.

中文翻译：

---

贫困的代价：1947-2015 年瑞典儿童贫困与成人收入和教育之间的关系

童年贫困增加了成年后贫困的可能性。我们对过去这种持续存在的贫困以及它是否随着现代福利社会的发展而改变知之甚少。这项研究既分析了儿童贫困的决定因素，又评估了在瑞典南部长大的男性和女性的童年贫困与成年后经济成果之间的关系，并且无论他们居住在瑞典的哪个地方，都对他们进行了成年期追踪。贫困是用相对值来衡量的。由单亲母亲抚养、外国血统以及在户主没有工作的环境中长大是儿童贫困的重要风险因素。在相对贫困中长大反过来又与成年后的低收入和教育水平有关。儿童贫困的持续性和严重程度都很重要，经历贫困的年龄也是如此。男性和女性的模式相似，并且随着瑞典福利国家的扩张，并没有随着时间的推移而发生一致的变化。