Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of synthetic chemicals used in many commercial products and applications such as polymers, fire-retarding foams, cookware and food packaging. PFAS pose significant threats to the environment and human health because of their high stability, potential toxicity and persistence in the environment. This review summarizes the status of analytical methods for detection of the broad spectrum of PFAS. Conventional analytical techniques are first described with focus on chromatographic/mass spectrometry methods, semi-quantitative approaches and passive samplers. Emerging colorimetric, spectrofluorometric and electrochemical methods, and field-deployable sensors are then reviewed, highlighting novel detection mechanisms, analytical performance and potential towards achieving low cost detection in environmental samples. Their low cost and portability can enable greater spatial and temporal data resolution and provide a more comprehensive characterization and screening of PFAS-containing samples, but require further development to reach detection at the regulatory permissible limits. Potential applications and a critical assessment of future needs and opportunities to translate these technologies into the field are discussed.

全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 是一大类合成化学品，用于许多商业产品和应用，例如聚合物、阻燃泡沫、炊具和食品包装。PFAS 因其高度稳定性、潜在毒性和在环境中的持久性而对环境和人类健康构成重大威胁。本综述总结了检测广谱 PFAS 的分析方法的现状。首先介绍了传统的分析技术，重点是色谱/质谱法、半定量方法和被动采样器。然后回顾了新兴的比色法、荧光光谱法和电化学方法，以及可现场部署的传感器，重点介绍了新颖的检测机制，分析性能和实现环境样品低成本检测的潜力。它们的低成本和便携性可以实现更高的空间和时间数据分辨率，并提供对含 PFAS 样品的更全面的表征和筛选，但需要进一步开发才能在监管允许的限度内进行检测。讨论了将这些技术转化为该领域的潜在应用以及对未来需求和机会的批判性评估。