ABSTRACT: The reuse of aquaculture waste to produce valuable sea cucumber biomass promises to reduce environmental impacts of aquaculture and increase incomes. This study aimed to assess the suitability of potential waste from abalone farming as feed for the warty sea cucumber Neostichopus grammatus and infer bioremediation effects from sea cucumber feeding. Four diets: abalone waste, fermented algae (sea lettuce Ulva lacinulata) mixed with sand (U+S), abalone pelleted feed, and sand, were fed to N. grammatus under controlled conditions for 6 wk. Sea cucumbers fed sand exhibited a significantly higher (p < 0.001) ingestion rate (1.35 ± 0.04 g ind._.^-1 d^-1) than other diets. Those fed U+S (1.03 ± 0.02 g ind._.^-1 d^-1) had a significantly higher ingestion rate (p < 0.001) than those fed abalone waste and pellet. However, the ingestion rate was similar for pellets (0.67 ± 0.07 g ind._.^-1 d^-1) and abalone waste (0.54 ± 0.02 g ind._.^-1 d^-1) (p = 0.138). Ingestion and faecal production rates were inversely influenced by the diet’s total organic matter content (TOM). The faecal TOM of sea cucumber fed abalone waste, pellet, and U+S decreased from the TOM of the diet by 37.53 ± 1.63% (p < 0.001), 31.39 ± 0.53% (p < 0.001), and 48.83 ± 9.81% (p = 0.03), respectively. There was a decrease (37.74 ± 0.12%, p < 0.001) in the carbon content of sea cucumber faeces fed pellet compared to the feed, while there was no difference in nitrogen (p = 0.08) content. The carbon content of sea cucumber faeces fed U+S was not significantly different (p = 0.11) from that of the feed. However, the nitrogen content decreased by 63.00 ± 8.27% (p = 0.03). This study shows that wastes from abalone farming are acceptable food for N. grammatus, affirms the bioremediation potential of N. grammatus through integrated multitrophic aquaculture, and recommends its coculture trial with abalone.

中文翻译：

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疣状海参 Neostichopus grammatus 的摄食指标和生物修复能力喂养鲍鱼 Haliotis midae 养殖潜在废物

摘要：水产养殖废物的再利用生产有价值的海参生物质有望减少水产养殖对环境的影响并增加收入。本研究旨在评估鲍鱼养殖的潜在废物作为有疣海参Neostichopus grammatus饲料的适用性，并推断海参喂养的生物修复效果。将四种饲料：鲍鱼废物、发酵藻类（海生菜石莼）与沙子混合 (U+S)、鲍鱼颗粒饲料和沙子，在受控条件下喂给N. grammatus 6 周。喂食沙子的海参表现出显着更高的 (p < 0.001) 摄入率 (1.35 ± 0.04 g ind. _. ^-1 d ^-1) 比其他饮食。喂食 U+S (1.03 ± 0.02 g ind. _. ^-1 d ^-1 ) 的人的摄入率 (p < 0.001) 明显高于喂食鲍鱼废物和颗粒的人。_{然而，丸粒 (0.67 ± 0.07 g ind. .} ^-1 d ^-1 ) 和鲍鱼废物 (0.54 ± 0.02 g ind. _. ^-1 d ^-1 ) 的摄入率相似) (p = 0.138)。饮食的总有机物含量 (TOM) 对摄入量和粪便产生率有反作用。饲喂鲍鱼废物、颗粒和 U+S 的海参的粪便 TOM 比日粮的 TOM 降低了 37.53 ± 1.63% (p < 0.001)、31.39 ± 0.53% (p < 0.001) 和 48.83 ± 9.81% ( p = 0.03）。与饲料相比，饲喂颗粒饲料的海参粪便中的碳含量有所降低 (37.74 ± 0.12%，p < 0.001)，而氮 (p = 0.08) 含量没有差异。饲喂 U+S 的海参粪便中的碳含量与饲料中的碳含量没有显着差异 (p = 0.11)。然而，氮含量下降了 63.00 ± 8.27% (p = 0.03)。这项研究表明，鲍鱼养殖产生的废物是N. grammatus可以接受的食物，肯定了N. grammatus通过综合多营养水产养殖的生物修复潜力，并推荐其与鲍鱼的共培养试验。