ABSTRACT

This article explores, through a close reading of newspapers and publications connected to the Portuguese libertarian movement, anarchist discourses and practices around understandings of “race” in Portugal in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. A contribution is made both to studies of Lusophone anarchism as well as broader labour movement history where analyses of the interconnections between race and colonialism have been sparse. Portuguese anarchist understandings of race are placed within the context of broader ideas on internationalism within the anarchist movement, contemporary theories of the inheritance of racial characteristics and contestations against notions of nationhood and nationalism. The specific context of Portuguese colonialism and the development of anthropology in the country form the backdrop against which anarchist ideas are analysed. The article argues that while anarchism disrupted certain tropes within racial and colonialist discourse, it also reinforced some cultural categories and rigidified understandings of race, culture and social development.

摘要

本文通过仔细阅读与葡萄牙自由意志主义运动有关的报纸和出版物，探讨了 19 世纪末和 20 世纪初葡萄牙围绕“种族”理解的无政府主义话语和实践。对葡语国家无政府主义的研究以及更广泛的劳工运动历史都做出了贡献，在这些历史中，对种族与殖民主义之间的相互联系的分析很少。葡萄牙无政府主义者对种族的理解被置于无政府主义运动中更广泛的国际主义思想、当代种族特征继承理论以及对民族和民族主义概念的争论的背景下。葡萄牙殖民主义的具体背景和该国人类学的发展构成了分析无政府主义思想的背景。文章认为，虽然无政府主义破坏了种族和殖民主义话语中的某些比喻，但它也强化了一些文化范畴，并僵化了对种族、文化和社会发展的理解。