Abstract

Animals are able to detect the nutritional content of sugar independently of taste. When given a choice between nutritive sugar and nonnutritive sugar, animals develop a preference for nutritive sugar over nonnutritive sugar during a period of food deprivation (Buchanan et al., 2022 Buchanan, K. L., Rupprecht, L. E., Kaelberer, M. M., Sahasrabudhe, A., Klein, M. E., Villalobos, J. A., Liu, W. W., Yang, A., Gelman, J., & Park, S. (2022). The preference for sugar over sweetener depends on a gut sensor cell. Nature Neuroscience, 25(2):191–200.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]; Dus et al., 2011 Dus, M., Min, S., Keene, A. C., Lee, G. Y., & Suh, G. S. (2011). Taste-independent detection of the caloric content of sugar in Drosophila. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(28), 11644–11649. doi:10.1073/pnas.1017096108[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]; 2015 Dus, M., Lai, J. S., Gunapala, K. M., Min, S., Tayler, T. D., Hergarden, A. C., Geraud, E., Joseph, C. M., & Suh, G. S. (2015). Nutrient sensor in the brain directs the action of the brain-gut axis in Drosophila. Neuron, 87(1), 139–151. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.05.032[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]; Tan et al., 2020 Tan, H.-E., Sisti, A. C., Jin, H., Vignovich, M., Villavicencio, M., Tsang, K. S., Goffer, Y., & Zuker, C. S. (2020). The gut–brain axis mediates sugar preference. Nature, 580(7804), 511–516. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2199-7[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]; Tellez et al., 2016 Tellez, L. A., Han, W., Zhang, X., Ferreira, T. L., Perez, I. O., Shammah-Lagnado, S. J., Van Den Pol, A. N., & De Araujo, I. E. (2016). Separate circuitries encode the hedonic and nutritional values of sugar. Nature Neuroscience, 19(3), 465–470. doi:10.1038/nn.4224[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). To quantify behavioral features during an episode of licking nutritive versus nonnutritive sugar, we implemented a multi-vision, deep learning-based 3D pose estimation system, termed the AI Vision Analysis for Three-dimensional Action in Real-Time (AVATAR)(Kim et al., 2022 Kim, D.-G., Shin, A., Jeong, Y.-C., Park, S., & Kim, D. (2022). AVATAR: ai vision analysis for three-dimensional action in real-time. bioRxiv. doi: 10.1101/2021.12.31.474634[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]). Using this method, we found that mice exhibit significantly different approach behavioral responses toward nutritive sugar versus nonnutritive sugar even before licking a sugar solution. Notably, the behavioral sequences during the approach toward nutritive versus nonnutritive sugar became significantly different over time. These results suggest that the nutritional value of sugar not only promotes its consumption but also elicits distinct repertoires of feeding behavior in deprived mice.

摘要

动物能够独立于味道来检测糖的营养成分。当在营养性糖和非营养性糖之间进行选择时，动物在食物匮乏期间会优先选择营养性糖而不是非营养性糖（Buchanan等，2022） Buchanan, KL、Rupprecht, LE、Kaelberer, MM、Sahasrabudhe, A.、Klein, ME、Villalobos, JA、Liu, WW、Yang, A.、Gelman, J.和Park, S. ( 2022 )。对糖而非甜味剂的偏好取决于肠道感受细胞。自然神经科学， 25（2 ）：191-200。[交叉引用]、[PubMed]、[Web of Science®] ，[谷歌学术]；杜斯等人。,2011 Dus, M.、Min, S.、Keene, AC、Lee, GY和Suh, GS ( 2011 )。果蝇中糖的热量含量的与味觉无关的检测。美国国家科学院院刊，108 (28), 11644 – 11649。doi: 10.1073/pnas.1017096108 [Crossref]、[PubMed]、[Web of Science®]  、[Google Scholar]；2015年 Dus, M.、Lai, JS、Gunapala, KM、Min, S.、Tayler, TD、Hergarden, AC、Geraud, E.、Joseph, CM和Suh, GS ( 2015 )。大脑中的营养传感器指导果蝇脑肠轴的活动。神经元，87（1），139 – 151。doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.05.032 [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science®] ，[谷歌学术]；谭等人。,2020 谭，H.-E。、Sisti, AC、Jin, H.、Vignovich, M.、Villavicencio, M.、Tsang, KS、Goffer, Y.和Zuker, CS ( 2020 )。肠-脑轴调节糖偏好。自然，580 （ 7804 ），511-516 。doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2199-7 [Crossref]、[PubMed]、[Web of Science®]  、[Google Scholar]；特莱兹等人。,2016 Tellez, LA、Han, W.、Zhang, X.、Ferreira, TL 、 Perez, IO 、 Shammah -Lagnado, SJ、Van Den Pol, AN和De Araujo, IE ( 2016 )。单独的电路对糖的享乐价值和营养价值进行编码。自然神经科学，19 （ 3 ），465-470 。doi: 10.1038/nn.4224 [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science®]  , [Google Scholar]）。为了量化舔营养性糖和非营养性糖期间的行为特征，我们实施了一个多视觉、基于深度学习的 3D 姿势估计系统，称为实时三维动作的 AI 视觉分析 (AVATAR)（Kim 等人）等，2022 金，D.-G。，Shin，A.，Jeong，Y.-C。、Park, S.和Kim, D. ( 2022 )。AVATAR：实时三维动作的人工智能视觉分析。生物Rxiv。doi：10.1101/2021.12.31.474634 [交叉引用]  ，[谷歌学术]）。使用这种方法，我们发现小鼠甚至在舔糖溶液之前就对营养性糖和非营养性糖表现出显着不同的行为反应。值得注意的是，在获取营养的过程中的行为顺序随着时间的推移，糖与非营养糖变得显着不同。这些结果表明，糖的营养价值不仅促进了糖的消耗，而且还引发了剥夺小鼠的独特的摄食行为。