Improving the mixing of fuel and air by injecting a turbulent liquid fuel jet into a high-speed cross-flowing gas can reduce the emissions of gas turbine applications. To facilitate and hasten the development of such low-emissions technologies, accurate predictions of the spray characteristics are needed. The objective of the present study is to validate the predictive capabilities of a stochastic breakup model for turbulent transverse jets over a wide range of representative pressures and atomization characteristics. The effect of turbulence modeling is also assessed to provide accurate and computationally less expensive Eulerian−Lagrangian transient approaches. To do so, the predictions made with the large eddy simulation (LES) approach for different subgrid-scale (SGS) models and with the synthetic eddy method (SEM) are compared to the ones made using the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach with and without a turbulent dispersion model. The sensitivity of the numerical methodology to the upstream velocity profile, pressure, and momentum flux ratio were also assessed. Properly accounting for the upstream gas velocity profile was found to be critical to ensure accurate predictions of the spray characteristics. The unsteady RANS (URANS) turbulent approach coupled with the turbulent dispersion model showed good agreement with experimental data, but the LES approach tends to overpredict the spray penetration and underpredict the Sauter mean diameter (SMD). This could be due to the lower turbulent interactions it predicts, which may lead to lower momentum transfer between the phases.

中文翻译：

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高速横流中湍流射流随机分解模型的验证：湍流相互作用和边界条件敏感性的评估

通过将湍流液体燃料射流喷射到高速交叉流动的气体中来改善燃料和空气的混合，可以减少燃气轮机应用的排放。为了促进和加速此类低排放技术的发展，需要准确预测喷雾特性。本研究的目的是验证随机破碎模型在广泛的代表性压力和雾化特性范围内对湍流横向射流的预测能力。还评估了湍流建模的效果，以提供准确且计算成本较低的欧拉-拉格朗日瞬态方法。为此，将使用不同次网格尺度 (SGS) 模型的大涡模拟 (LES) 方法和合成涡方法 (SEM) 所做的预测与使用不稳定雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯 (RANS) 方法所做的预测进行了比较并且没有湍流扩散模型。还评估了数值方法对上游速度剖面、压力和动量通量比的敏感性。发现正确考虑上游气体速度分布对于确保准确预测喷雾特性至关重要。非稳态 RANS (URANS) 湍流方法与湍流扩散模型显示出与实验数据的良好一致性，但 LES 方法往往会高估喷雾渗透并低估索特平均直径 (SMD)。