This study focuses on the coupling effect of the imposed hydraulic gradient and surcharge pressure on fine particle loss and skeleton deformation during suffusion. A series of suffusion tests were conducted on an internally unstable sandy gravel under four different hydraulic gradients and three surcharge pressures using a large-scale high-pressure erosion apparatus. The total eroded mass, erosion rate, and skeleton deformation were comparatively analyzed, and the mesoscopic mechanism was discussed preliminarily. The results showed that the hydraulic gradient affected the erosion process not only in terms of the total eroded mass but also the developing pattern and duration of erosion. Surcharge pressure showed an inhibitory effect on fine particle erosion, whereas a promoting effect on the skeleton deformation. For internally unstable soils, hydraulic gradient and surcharge pressure might have a considerable coupling effect on the fines eroded ratio and its induced strain.

中文翻译：

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砂砾石弥散过程中水力加载与超载耦合效应

本研究的重点是施加的水力梯度和超载压力对弥散过程中细颗粒损失和骨架变形的耦合影响。使用大型高压侵蚀装置在四种不同水力梯度和三种超载压力下对内部不稳定的砂砾进行了一系列扩散试验。对比分析了总侵蚀质量、侵蚀速率和骨架变形，初步探讨了细观机理。结果表明，水力梯度不仅影响侵蚀总量，而且影响侵蚀的发展模式和持续时间。超载压力对细颗粒侵蚀有抑制作用，而对骨架变形有促进作用。对于内部不稳定的土壤，