Over the past four decades, studies have consistently shown that regular attendance at religious services is associated with better mental and physical health. At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, many congregations paused in-person religious services and moved their worship rituals online. The ways that churches have responded to the threat of infectious disease require new conceptualizations and operationalizations of religious attendance and novel comparisons of the causes and consequences of virtual and in-person attendance. Analyses of data collected from a national probability sample of Americans (n = 1,717) show that while in-person religious attendance is associated with better mental and physical health, virtual attendance is unrelated to both outcomes in fully adjusted models. Taken together, these findings suggest that the association between religious attendance and health during a global pandemic may be contingent on physical proximity and the nature of the social and experiential aspects of religious worship.

中文翻译：

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“电子教会”2.0：在 COVID-19 大流行期间，虚拟和亲自出席是否与身心健康有关？

在过去的四十年里，研究一致表明，定期参加宗教仪式与更好的身心健康有关。在 COVID-19 大流行开始时，许多会众暂停了面对面的宗教仪式，并将他们的礼拜仪式转移到了网上。教会应对传染病威胁的方式需要对宗教出席进行新的概念化和操作化，并对虚拟和亲自出席的原因和后果进行新颖的比较。对从全国概率样本美国人 (n = 1,717) 收集的数据的分析表明，虽然面对面的宗教出席与更好的身心健康有关，但虚拟出席与完全调整模型中的两种结果无关。综合起来，