Abstract

The development of climate change resilient crops is conducive to meeting the increasing threat of supporting the growing world population. Polyploidy occupies an important position in angiosperm evolution, as a key factor that shapes plant biodiversity, growth vigor, environmental adaptation, and emerging chemical compounds. In this review, we outlined the development and application of creating new allopolyploids using sexual and asexual approaches and their potential benefits and problems. We described how polyploidization caused strict genome modification at cytogenetic, genetic, and epigenetic levels with emphasis on the latest update on genome assembly of newly synthesized allopolyploids. Despite the success in creating new allopolyploids in many genera, it occasionally gave rise to undesirable traits to impact the utilization of newly synthetic allopolyploids. Recent developments in the de novo domestication of wild species through genome editing provide a route to create new crops to secure the global food supply. Following the strategy, de novo improvement of newly synthetic allopolyploids using genome editing could be galvanized to rapidly improve newly synthesized allopolyploids to meet agriculture demands and enable plant breeders to keep pace with global changes.

摘要

发展适应气候变化的作物有利于应对支持不断增长的世界人口日益增加的威胁。多倍体在被子植物进化中占有重要地位，是塑造植物生物多样性、生长活力、环境适应性和新兴化合物的关键因素。在这篇综述中，我们概述了使用有性和无性方法创造新的异源多倍体的开发和应用及其潜在的好处和问题。我们描述了多倍体化如何在细胞遗传学、遗传学和表观遗传学水平上引起严格的基因组修饰，重点是新合成的异源多倍体基因组组装的最新进展。尽管在许多属中成功创造了新的异源多倍体，它有时会产生不良特性，从而影响新合成的异源多倍体的利用。最近的事态发展通过基因组编辑对野生物种进行从头驯化，为培育新作物以确保全球粮食供应提供了一条途径。按照该策略，可以激发使用基因组编辑从头改进新合成的异源多倍体，以快速改进新合成的异源多倍体以满足农业需求，并使植物育种者能够跟上全球变化的步伐。