Moving target defense (MTD) can break through asymmetry between attackers and defenders. To improve the effectiveness of cybersecurity defense techniques, defense requires not only advanced and practical defense technologies but effective, scientific decision-making methods. Due to complex attacker–defender interaction, autonomous, automatic, accurate, and effective selection of the optimal strategy is a challenging topic in the field of MTD. The essence of cybersecurity lies in the interaction between the attacker and defender. Game theory is a useful mathematical tool for strategy selection in a competitive environment. It provides strong theoretical support for the analysis of cyberattack and defense behaviors and subsequent decision-making, and can significantly improve the decision-making ability of MTD. This study presents the basic concepts of MTD and game theory, followed by a literature review, to study MTD decision-making methods based on game theory from the dimensions of space, time, space–time, and bounded rationality. Limitations of MTD game decision-making studies are discussed, as well as research directions, to provide references for future research.

移动目标防御（MTD）可以突破攻击者和防御者之间的不对称。提高网络安全防御技术的有效性，防御不仅需要先进实用的防御技术，更需要有效科学的决策方法。由于复杂的攻防交互，自主、自动、准确、有效地选择最优策略是 MTD 领域的一个具有挑战性的课题。网络安全的本质在于攻击者和防御者之间的互动。博弈论是在竞争环境中进行策略选择的有用数学工具。为网络攻防行为分析及后续决策提供有力的理论支持，可显着提高MTD的决策能力。本研究在介绍MTD和博弈论的基本概念的基础上，结合文献综述，从空间、时间、时空和有限理性等维度研究基于博弈论的MTD决策方法。讨论了MTD博弈决策研究的局限性，以及研究方向，为今后的研究提供参考。