Soviet science contributed significantly to our understanding of anthropogenic climate change and, as part of this, played a central role in the emerging science underpinning climate modification and geoengineering initiatives. A key focus of discussion was the use of stratospheric aerosols linked to the innovative ideas of Mikhail Budyko and colleagues. This work had its origins in what has been termed the theory of aerosol climatic catastrophe, which gained prominence in the Soviet context during the early 1970s. Following the breakup of the Soviet Union, the ideas of Budyko concerning the use of stratospheric aerosols were advanced by Yuri Izrael and his collaborators. The associated body of work gained traction during the 2000s and engendered a wider debate concerning the efficacy of geoengineering solutions amongst Russia's climate scientists. The legacies of this scientific discussion are also evident in recent high-level international debates such as those linked to the activities of the IPCC. While significant geopolitical obstacles remain in the way of an international agreement linked to the possible deployment of geoengineering measures, interest continues to grow. The maturity of Russian science in the area of geoengineering and climate modification ensures that it remains an important voice within the broader scientific debate. At the same time, the progressive isolation of Russian science from the international scene due to wider geopolitical events risks deflecting attention away from contemporary popular and political debate in this area and alienating this rich scientific tradition at a critical juncture.

中文翻译：

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苏联和俄罗斯对地球工程和气候管理的看法

苏联科学对我们对人为气候变化的理解做出了重大贡献，并且作为其中的一部分，在支撑气候变化和地球工程倡议的新兴科学中发挥了核心作用。讨论的一个关键焦点是与 Mikhail Budyko 及其同事的创新想法相关的平流层气溶胶的使用。这项工作起源于所谓的气溶胶气候灾难理论，该理论在 20 世纪 70 年代初期的苏联背景下获得了重视。苏联解体后，尤里·伊斯雷尔（Yuri Izrael）及其合作者提出了布迪科关于使用平流层气溶胶的想法。相关工作在 2000 年代获得关注，并在俄罗斯气候科学家中引发了关于地球工程解决方案有效性的更广泛辩论。这种科学讨论的遗产在最近的高层国际辩论中也很明显，例如与 IPCC 活动相关的辩论。尽管与可能部署的地球工程措施相关的国际协议仍存在重大地缘政治障碍，但人们的兴趣仍在持续增长。俄罗斯科学在地球工程和气候变化领域的成熟确保了它在更广泛的科学辩论中仍然是一个重要的声音。同时，