By relying on longitudinal data on two rural parishes in the Russian Baltic province of Livland, the article analyses two questions concerning famine's short-run effects on mortality in a manorial system: (1) whether there is evidence of a social gradient in mortality during the famine of 1844–6 and (2) whether the manors could protect the peasants against the hardships. The analysis reveals that neither the status of a farmer peasant nor the landlord saved the local inhabitants from an increased risk of dying during the famine of 1844–6. The conventional assumptions about the protective effect of the higher socio-economic status or type of manor against subsistence crisis found very little support in the study.

中文翻译：

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1840 年代中期沙皇俄罗斯利夫兰省庄园制度中饥荒死亡率的社会不平等

本文利用俄罗斯波罗的海利夫兰省两个农村教区的纵向数据，分析了关于饥荒对庄园系统死亡率的短期影响的两个问题：（1）是否有证据表明，在饥荒期间，死亡率存在社会梯度。 1844-6年的饥荒以及（2）庄园能否保护农民免受苦难。分析表明，在 1844-6 年的饥荒期间，无论是农民还是地主的身份都未能使当地居民免于死亡风险的增加。关于较高社会经济地位或庄园类型对生存危机的保护作用的传统假设在这项研究中几乎没有得到支持。