This review explores the interface between circadian timekeeping and the regulation of brain function by astrocytes. Although astrocytes regulate neuronal activity across many time domains, their cell-autonomous circadian clocks exert a particular role in controlling longer-term oscillations of brain function: the maintenance of sleep states and the circadian ordering of sleep and wakefulness. This is most evident in the central circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, where the molecular clock of astrocytes suffices to drive daily cycles of neuronal activity and behavior. In Alzheimer's disease, sleep impairments accompany cognitive decline. In mouse models of the disease, circadian disturbances accelerate astroglial activation and other brain pathologies, suggesting that daily functions in astrocytes protect neuronal homeostasis. In brain cancer, treatment in the morning has been associated with prolonged survival, and gliomas have daily rhythms in gene expression and drug sensitivity. Thus, circadian time is fast becoming critical to elucidating reciprocal astrocytic-neuronal interactions in health and disease.

中文翻译：

---

昼夜节律和星形胶质细胞：好的、坏的和丑陋的

这篇综述探讨了昼夜节律计时与星形胶质细胞对大脑功能的调节之间的相互作用。尽管星形胶质细胞在多个时间域调节神经元活动，但它们的细胞自主生物钟在控制大脑功能的长期振荡方面发挥着特殊的作用：睡眠状态的维持以及睡眠和觉醒的昼夜节律排序。这在中央昼夜节律起搏器视交叉上核中最为明显，其中星形胶质细胞的分子钟足以驱动神经元活动和行为的日常周期。在阿尔茨海默病中，睡眠障碍伴随着认知能力下降。在该疾病的小鼠模型中，昼夜节律紊乱加速了星形胶质细胞的激活和其他大脑病变，这表明星形胶质细胞的日常功能可以保护神经元稳态。在脑癌中，早上的治疗与延长生存期有关，而神经胶质瘤的基因表达和药物敏感性具有每日节律。因此，昼夜节律时间对于阐明健康和疾病中星形胶质细胞-神经元的相互相互作用迅速变得至关重要。