ABSTRACT

This article aims to contribute to a better knowledge of historical feminism in Spain based on and in dialogue with the wealth of research on the subject by Spanish historiography in recent decades. Although the social nature of Spanish feminism and its articulation around notions of sexual difference has been pinpointed, a more profound reflection on the social nature of feminism, as well as its effects on the shaping of feminism as a social reform movement, is needed. For that purpose, this article pays attention to the epistemological framework of social duties (and rights) which became widespread in the early twentieth century. The main working hypothesis is that these notions of sexual difference were not static and that, from the second half of the nineteenth century onwards, they were given another meaning in light of the emergence of “the social” as a result of the criticism of classical liberalism’s assumptions and explanations of human nature. Sexual difference was reframed through the impact of the new ideas about society, which facilitated proposals for women’s public intervention in social improvement and for reshaping marriage and the domestic sphere.

摘要

本文旨在基于近几十年来西班牙史学对这一主题的大量研究并与之对话，从而有助于更好地了解西班牙的历史女权主义。尽管西班牙女权主义的社会本质及其围绕性别差异概念的表述已经明确，但仍需要对女权主义的社会本质及其对女权主义作为社会改革运动的影响进行更深刻的反思。为此，本文关注在 20 世纪初变得普遍的社会义务（和权利）的认识论框架。主要的工作假设是，这些性别差异的概念并不是一成不变的，而且从 19 世纪下半叶开始，鉴于“社会”的出现是对古典自由主义对人性的假设和解释的批评，它们被赋予了另一种含义。社会新观念的影响重新定义了性别差异，这促进了关于妇女公共干预社会改善以及重塑婚姻和家庭领域的提议。