Abstract

After Australia and Canada adopted policies to admit immigrants of any nationality or race, the racial composition of immigrants did not immediately diversify. It only diversified after their governments adopted points systems to recruit immigrants with the education, language ability, and skills that would increase the national income of the migrant-receiving country. Why? I draw on archival documents to reveal how the organization of consular institutions and practices of bureaucrats limited how much immigrant sources diversified. However, the more human capital-rich people in White-majority countries lost interest in immigrating and the more non-White people in migrant-sending societies increased their human capital, the more frequently bureaucrats became amenable to admitting more racially diverse immigrants who could contribute more to national income and productivity than human capital-poor White immigrants. This emerging preference later stimulated the Immigration Departments to geographically expand their organizational infrastructure to facilitate further non-White immigration. This study illustrates how scholars through a more intersectional lens can better potentially understand changes in institutions and norms along one dimension of identity (race) due to policies to admit a minority of non-White immigrants along another dimension (human capital).

摘要

澳大利亚和加拿大采取政策接纳任何国籍或种族的移民后，移民的种族构成并没有立即多样化。只有在他们的政府采用积分系统来招募具有教育、语言能力和技能的移民后，它才会多样化，这些移民将增加移民接收国的国民收入。为什么？我利用档案文件来揭示领事机构的组织和官僚的做法如何限制移民来源的多样化。然而，在白人占多数的国家中，越是人力资本丰富的人对移民失去兴趣，越是移民输出社会中的非白人增加了他们的人力资本，官僚们越来越愿意接纳更多种族多样化的移民，这些移民比人力资本匮乏的白人移民对国民收入和生产力的贡献更大。这种新出现的偏好后来刺激了移民部门在地理上扩大其组织基础设施，以促进更多的非白人移民。这项研究说明了学者们如何通过更具交叉性的视角更好地理解制度和规范在身份（种族）的一个维度上的变化，这是由于在另一个维度（人力资本）上接纳少数非白人移民的政策。这种新出现的偏好后来刺激了移民部门在地理上扩大其组织基础设施，以促进更多的非白人移民。这项研究说明了学者们如何通过更具交叉性的视角更好地理解制度和规范在身份（种族）的一个维度上的变化，这是由于在另一个维度（人力资本）上接纳少数非白人移民的政策。这种新出现的偏好后来刺激了移民部门在地理上扩大其组织基础设施，以促进更多的非白人移民。这项研究说明了学者们如何通过更具交叉性的视角更好地理解制度和规范在身份（种族）的一个维度上的变化，这是由于在另一个维度（人力资本）上接纳少数非白人移民的政策。