Constructed wetlands (CWs) are effective and sustainable engineered systems for domestic and/or municipal wastewater treatments. In the last half-century, CWs have become common solutions for small communities in remote mountainous areas. However, cold climate in mountain environment often causes a significant reduction of the pollutant removal performance compared to warmer environments. Therefore, in the present study, we aim to support build consensus on the best design practices for CWs in mountain environments. A meta-analysis of the scientific literature focusing on the CWs in cold climate was conducted. Meanwhile, several monitoring activities (chemical analysis on wastewater and treated water and analysis of changes in the plant communities) were carried out on 6 CWs observing the different conditions between immediately after the construction and 2–7 years later. The results showed an encouraging agreement between scientific studies and observations from the monitored case studies. Lack of plan space, low temperatures and supply meteoric inflows prompted the engineers, in the case studies, to design systems composed of septic tank and horizontal subsurface bed. Such a solution showed a good treatment efficiency (removal rates were more than 60% for most pollutants) in a harsh mountainous environment. A significant difference was evident in the choice of plants. Although the common reeds (Phragmites australis) remain an excellent solution, in plain and hilly areas, planting of tufted hairgrass (Deschampsia cespitosa) ensures similar average performance but is more suitable for the mountain ecosystems. In conclusion, the present study proposes technical and engineering recommendations and a sort of ecological design to increase wastewater treatment efficiency and adapt the systems to a natural and cold environment.

人工湿地 (CW) 是用于家庭和/或市政废水处理的有效且可持续的工程系统。在过去的半个世纪中，CW 已成为偏远山区小型社区的常用解决方案。然而，与温暖的环境相比，山区环境中的寒冷气候往往会导致污染物去除性能显着降低。因此，在本研究中，我们旨在支持就山区环境中 CW 的最佳设计实践达成共识。对侧重于寒冷气候下的 CW 的科学文献进行了荟萃分析。同时，对 6 个 CW 进行了多项监测活动（废水和处理水的化学分析以及植物群落变化分析），观察施工后立即和 2-7 年后的不同情况。结果表明，科学研究与监测案例研究的观察结果令人鼓舞。在案例研究中，缺乏规划空间、低温和供应流星流入促使工程师设计由化粪池和水平地下床组成的系统。这种解决方案在恶劣的山区环境中显示出良好的处理效率（大多数污染物的去除率超过 60%）。在植物的选择上明显存在显着差异。虽然常见的芦苇（结果表明，科学研究与监测案例研究的观察结果令人鼓舞。在案例研究中，缺乏规划空间、低温和供应流星流入促使工程师设计由化粪池和水平地下床组成的系统。这种解决方案在恶劣的山区环境中显示出良好的处理效率（大多数污染物的去除率超过 60%）。在植物的选择上明显存在显着差异。虽然常见的芦苇（结果表明，科学研究与监测案例研究的观察结果令人鼓舞。在案例研究中，缺乏规划空间、低温和供应流星流入促使工程师设计由化粪池和水平地下床组成的系统。这种解决方案在恶劣的山区环境中显示出良好的处理效率（大多数污染物的去除率超过 60%）。在植物的选择上明显存在显着差异。虽然常见的芦苇（这种解决方案在恶劣的山区环境中显示出良好的处理效率（大多数污染物的去除率超过 60%）。在植物的选择上明显存在显着差异。虽然常见的芦苇（这种解决方案在恶劣的山区环境中显示出良好的处理效率（大多数污染物的去除率超过 60%）。在植物的选择上明显存在显着差异。虽然常见的芦苇（芦苇 (Phragmites australis ) 仍然是一个很好的解决方案，在平原和丘陵地区，种植簇毛草 ( Deschampsia cespitosa ) 可确保类似的平均性能，但更适合山区生态系统。总之，本研究提出了技术和工程建议以及一种生态设计，以提高废水处理效率并使系统适应自然和寒冷的环境。