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Incomplete Elongation of Ultra-long-chain Polyunsaturated Acyl-CoAs by the Fatty Acid Elongase ELOVL4 in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 34.
Molecular and Cellular Biology ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2023-02-07 , DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2023.2169563
Yuka Tamura 1 , Takayuki Sassa 1 , Takumi Nishizawa 1 , Akio Kihara 1
Affiliation  

Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are autosomal dominant diseases characterized by cerebellar atrophy and ataxia. The SCA subtype SCA34 is caused by specific mutations in the gene ELOVL4, which encodes a fatty acid (FA) elongase that synthesizes ultra-long-chain (ULC; ≥C26) FAs. However, the pathogenesis and molecular mechanism that confers dominant inheritance remains unknown. Here, a cell-based assay demonstrated that each of the five known SCA34 mutants produced shorter ULC polyunsaturated FA-containing phosphatidylcholines (ULC-PCs) than wild-type protein, in the following order of severity: Q180P and T233M > W246G > I171T and L168F. Next, we generated knock-in mouse embryonic stem cells that contained heterozygous Q180P, heterozygous W246G, or homozygous W246G mutations. Neuronal differentiation-dependent production of ULC-PCs was reduced in heterozygous Q180P and homozygous W246G cells relative to control cells, and we observed shortening of the FA moiety in all mutant cells. This FA shortening was consistent with our prediction that amino acid residues substituted by SCA34 mutations are located in the transmembrane helices that interact with the ω-end region of the FA moiety of the substrate acyl-CoA. Hence, reduced levels and shortening of ULC-PCs in neurons may cause SCA34, and incomplete elongation of ULC polyunsaturated acyl-CoAs by mutated ELOVL4 may induce dominant inheritance.

中文翻译:

34 型脊髓小脑性共济失调中脂肪酸延长酶 ELOVL4 对超长链多不饱和酰基辅酶 A 的不完全延长。

脊髓小脑性共济失调 (SCAs) 是以小脑萎缩和共济失调为特征的常染色体显性遗传病。SCA 亚型 SCA34 是由基因 ELOVL4 中的特定突变引起的,该基因编码合成超长链 (ULC;≥C26) FA 的脂肪酸 (FA) 延长酶。然而,赋予显性遗传的发病机制和分子机制仍然未知。在这里,基于细胞的测定表明,五个已知的 SCA34 突变体中的每一个都产生比野生型蛋白质更短的 ULC 多不饱和 FA 磷脂酰胆碱 (ULC-PC),严重程度如下:Q180P 和 T233M > W246G > I171T 和L168F。接下来,我们生成了包含杂合 Q180P、杂合 W246G 或纯合 W246G 突变的敲入小鼠胚胎干细胞。相对于对照细胞,杂合 Q180P 和纯合 W246G 细胞中 ULC-PC 的神经元分化依赖性产生减少,并且我们观察到所有突变细胞中 FA 部分的缩短。这种 FA 缩短与我们的预测一致,即被 SCA34 突变取代的氨基酸残基位于与底物酰基辅酶 A 的 FA 部分的 ω 末端区域相互作用的跨膜螺旋中。因此,神经元中 ULC-PC 水平的降低和缩短可能会导致 SCA34,并且 ELOVL4 突变导致的 ULC 多不饱和酰基辅酶 A 的不完全延伸可能会诱发显性遗传。这种 FA 缩短与我们的预测一致,即被 SCA34 突变取代的氨基酸残基位于与底物酰基辅酶 A 的 FA 部分的 ω 末端区域相互作用的跨膜螺旋中。因此,神经元中 ULC-PC 水平的降低和缩短可能会导致 SCA34,并且 ELOVL4 突变导致的 ULC 多不饱和酰基辅酶 A 的不完全延伸可能会诱发显性遗传。这种 FA 缩短与我们的预测一致,即被 SCA34 突变取代的氨基酸残基位于与底物酰基辅酶 A 的 FA 部分的 ω 末端区域相互作用的跨膜螺旋中。因此,神经元中 ULC-PC 水平的降低和缩短可能会导致 SCA34,并且 ELOVL4 突变导致的 ULC 多不饱和酰基辅酶 A 的不完全延伸可能会诱发显性遗传。
更新日期:2023-02-07
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