Purpose of review 

The misuse of opioids has increased significantly in recent decades. Historically, cancer patients have not been considered at risk of opioid misuse. However, cancer pain is common, and opioids are often prescribed. Guidelines addressing opioid misuse often exclude cancer patients. Given that misuse is associated with significant harm and a reduction in quality of life, it is important to understand the risk of opioid misuse in cancer patients and how we can recognise and treat it.

Recent findings 

Early cancer diagnoses and treatments have improved cancer survival rates, leading to a larger population of cancer patients and survivors. Opioid use disorder (OUD) may precede a cancer diagnosis or may develop during or after treatment. The effect of OUD extends from an individual patient to a societal level. This review examines the increasing incidence of OUD in cancer patients, ways to identify patients with OUD such as behaviour change and screening scales, prevention of OUD such as limited and targeted opioid prescriptions, and evidence-based treatment suggestions for OUD.

Summary 

OUD in cancer patients has only relatively recently been recognised as a growing problem. Early identification, involvement of the multidisciplinary team, and treatment can reduce the negative impact of OUD.

中文翻译：

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癌症患者的阿片类药物使用障碍

审查目的 

近几十年来，阿片类药物的滥用显着增加。从历史上看，癌症患者并未被认为有滥用阿片类药物的风险。然而，癌症疼痛很常见，并且经常开处方阿片类药物。解决阿片类药物滥用的指南通常将癌症患者排除在外。鉴于滥用与重大伤害和生活质量下降有关，了解癌症患者滥用阿片类药物的风险以及我们如何识别和治疗它非常重要。

最近的发现 

早期癌症诊断和治疗提高了癌症存活率，导致更多的癌症患者和幸存者。阿片类药物使用障碍(OUD) 可能先于癌症诊断，也可能在治疗期间或之后发生。OUD 的影响从个体患者扩展到社会层面。本综述探讨了癌症患者OUD 发病率的增加、识别 OUD 患者的方法（例如行为改变和筛查量表）、预防 OUD（例如有限和有针对性的阿片类药物处方）以及 OUD 的循证治疗建议。

概括 

癌症患者的 OUD直到最近才被认为是一个日益严重的问题。早期识别、多学科团队的参与和治疗可以减少 OUD 的负面影响。