On 25 June 2021, the Law on Euthanasia in Spain came into force, providing for two modes of helping an individual end their life: euthanasia and/or medically assisted suicide. Among the requisites that a request for euthanasia has to fulfil are that the individual must be suffering a severe, chronic and debilitating condition or a severe and incurable disease, at the same time as that person shows the necessary competence to decide. The possibility exists that a patient suffering mental health problems submits such a request; however, the specific characteristics of a mental health disorder make such a request considerably more complex. In this article, based on a narrative review of the law itself and the related literature, the requisites established under the law are analysed from an ethical-legal perspective with the aim of defining when a request for euthanasia from a person with a mental health disorder may be deemed legitimate and in line with legal provisions. This should help clinicians make rational, reasoned decisions when dealing with a request of this type.

2021 年 6 月 25 日，西班牙安乐死法生效，规定了两种帮助个人结束生命的方式：安乐死和/或医疗辅助自杀。安乐死请求必须满足的先决条件之一是，该人必须患有严重的、慢性的和使人衰弱的疾病，或者患有严重的、无法治愈的疾病，同时该人表现出必要的能力来决定. 存在精神健康问题患者提出此类请求的可能性；然而，精神健康障碍的具体特征使此类请求变得相当复杂。在这篇文章中，基于对法律本身和相关文献的叙述性回顾，从伦理-法律的角度分析了法律规定的必要条件，目的是定义精神障碍患者何时提出安乐死请求可被视为合法且符合法律规定。这应该有助于临床医生在处理此类请求时做出理性、合理的决定。