On April 4th, 1980, Saddam Hussein's government initiated a mass deportation of Iraqi citizens to Iran. In total, an estimated one million people were deported between 1980 and 1990. At the same time, thousands of the relatives of these deportees were detained as hostages, an estimated 4,000 of whom are still missing. This is considered the first Anfal operation undertaken by the Baʿthist regime against the Kurds.

中文翻译：

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伊拉克失败的库尔德人的驱逐和第一次安法尔

1980年4月4日，萨达姆·侯赛因政府开始大规模将伊拉克公民驱逐到伊朗。1980 年至 1990 年间，估计总共有 100 万人被驱逐出境。与此同时，这些被驱逐者的数千名亲属被扣为人质，其中估计有 4,000 人仍然失踪。这被认为是复兴党政权针对库尔德人发起的首次安法尔行动。