Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an incurable trauma that frequently results in partial or complete loss of motor and sensory function. Massive neurons are damaged after the initial mechanical insult. Secondary injuries, which are triggered by immunological and inflammatory responses, also result in neuronal loss and axon retraction. This results in defects in the neural circuit and a deficiency in the processing of information. Although inflammatory responses are necessary for spinal cord recovery, conflicting evidence of their contributions to specific biological processes have made it difficult to define the specific role of inflammation in SCI. This review summarizes our understanding of the complex role of inflammation in neural circuit events following SCI, such as cell death, axon regeneration and neural remodeling. We also review the drugs that regulate immune responses and inflammation in the treatment of SCI and discuss the roles of these drugs in the modulation of neural circuits. Finally, we provide evidence about the critical role of inflammation in facilitating spinal cord neural circuit regeneration in zebrafish, an animal model with robust regenerative capacity, to provide insights into the regeneration of the mammalian central nervous system.

中文翻译：

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炎症在脊髓损伤后神经损伤和再生中的作用及其治疗意义。

脊髓损伤 (SCI) 是一种无法治愈的创伤，通常会导致运动和感觉功能部分或完全丧失。大量神经元在最初的机械损伤后受损。由免疫和炎症反应引发的继发性损伤也会导致神经元丢失和轴突收缩。这导致神经回路缺陷和信息处理缺陷。尽管炎症反应是脊髓恢复所必需的，但它们对特定生物过程的贡献的相互矛盾的证据使得难以定义炎症在 SCI 中的特定作用。这篇综述总结了我们对炎症在 SCI 后神经回路事件中的复杂作用的理解，例如细胞死亡、轴突再生和神经重塑。我们还回顾了在 SCI 治疗中调节免疫反应和炎症的药物，并讨论了这些药物在调节神经回路中的作用。最后，我们提供证据证明炎症在促进斑马鱼（一种具有强大再生能力的动物模型）脊髓神经回路再生中的关键作用，以提供对哺乳动物中枢神经系统再生的见解。