In order to explore the cultivation techniques for increasing maize yield and water efficient utilization in the semi-arid area of Jilin Province, China, a field experiment was carried out in Taonan City, the semi-arid area of Jilin Province in 2020 and 2021. Common plastic film mulching (CM), degradable plastic film mulching (DM), crushed straw mulching (SM) and no mulching (CK) were set up to study the effects of surface mulching on the temporal and spatial changes of soil water and temperature, physiological characteristics of maize, maize yield and water use efficiency. The results showed that the soil water content was related to rainfall and its spatial and temporal distribution in maize growth stage. The soil water content in 0–60 cm increased with the increase of soil depth in the vertical direction, and the soil water content between treatments was SM > CM > DM > CK. The soil temperature increased first and then decreased with the growth process of maize, and gradually decreased with the deepening of the plough layer. The temperature was increased by plastic film mulching (CM > DM), and decreased by straw mulching. Different water temperature effects caused by surface mulching have different effects on the physiological characteristics, growth and yield of maize, and DM treatment was the best. DM treatment significantly increased the bleeding sap mass and cytokinin content of maize roots due to its coordinated water temperature, significantly reduced the content of soluble sugar and abscisic acid in bleeding sap compared with CK, transmitted the physiological reaction of roots upward through plant hormones and other information substances, indirectly affected the physiological and biochemical processes of shoots, and enhanced the activities of ribulose diphosphate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and glutamine synthetase in leaves, it improved the photosynthetic performance of maize leaves, promoted the growth and development of maize and the accumulation of dry matter in each period, thereby significantly increasing maize yield by 14.13% and water use efficiency by 16.8%. The yield and water use efficiency of maize under CM treatment were 8.59% and 8.1% higher than CK respectively. However, SM treatment resulted in slow accumulation of dry matter, 8.96% yield reduction and 10.4% water use efficiency reduction due to low temperature effect in the early stage, decreased enzyme activity and photosynthetic rate, and slow growth and development. The degradable plastic film mulching can keep water and increase temperature, increase yield and improve efficiency, and reduce environmental pollution, which can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the cultivation technology model of maize yield increase and water efficient use in semi-arid areas.

为探索吉林省半干旱区玉米增产和水分高效利用栽培技术，于2020年和2021年在吉林省半干旱区洮南市开展了田间试验。设置普通地膜覆盖（CM）、可降解地膜覆盖（DM）、碎秸秆覆盖（SM）和不覆盖（CK），研究地表覆盖对土壤水温时空变化的影响，玉米生理特性、玉米产量和水分利用效率。结果表明，玉米生育期土壤含水量与降雨量及其时空分布有关。0~60 cm土壤含水量在垂直方向随土层深度的增加而增加，处理间土壤含水量为SM>CM>DM>CK。土壤温度随玉米生长过程先升高后降低，随耕层加深逐渐降低。地膜覆盖使温度升高(CM > DM)，秸秆覆盖使温度降低。地表覆盖引起的不同水温效应对玉米的生理特性、生长和产量有不同的影响，以DM处理效果最好。与CK相比，DM处理水温协调显着增加了玉米根系出血液质量和细胞分裂素含量，显着降低了出血液中可溶性糖和脱落酸的含量，通过植物激素等信息物质向上传递根系的生理反应，间接影响地上部的生理生化过程，增强叶片中核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶、磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧化酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶的活性，提高玉米叶片的光合性能，促进了玉米生长发育和各时期干物质的积累，从而显着提高玉米产量14.13%，水分利用效率提高16.8%。CM处理玉米的产量和水分利用效率分别比CK高8.59%和8.1%。但SM处理由于前期低温效应导致干物质积累缓慢，减产8.96%，水分利用效率降低10.4%，酶活性和光合速率降低，生长发育减慢。可降解地膜覆盖保水增温、增产增效、减少环境污染，可为半干旱地区玉米增产节水栽培技术模式提供理论依据和技术支持。