Using yearly data on 153 prominent German authors (1700–1932), we show how changes in the political and economic environment facilitated the formation of literary clusters. Early authors follow general population patterns, leading to geographic dispersion in a patronage system characterized by spatial competition. At the end of the nineteenth century, authors concentrate in large economic and political capitals. These changes in location patterns mirror trends in political and territorial consolidation and the professionalization of authorship. The last cohort shows large-scale migration into literary centers around the age of 20 years. Therefore, these literary clusters are not due to changing birth locations.

中文翻译：

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市场结构和创意集群的形成：德国文学中城市集群的起源，1700-1932

使用 153 位著名德国作家（1700-1932 年）的年度数据，我们展示了政治和经济环境的变化如何促进文学集群的形成。早期作者遵循一般人口模式，导致以空间竞争为特征的赞助系统中的地理分散。19 世纪末，作家集中在大型经济和政治首都。这些位置模式的变化反映了政治和领土整合以及作者专业化的趋势。最后一个队列显示 20 岁左右大规模迁移到文学中心。因此，这些文学集群并不是因为出生地点的改变。