Abstract

This essay explores Heinrich Heine’s importance as a thinker of world literature, his indebtedness to the work of Johann Gottfried Herder, and his key departures from the latter. By analyzing Heine’s treatment of various national literatures, the essay demonstrates that his notion of world literature is characterized by an emphasis on borrowing, insertion and translation from one literary tradition to another, with a view to the enrichment of the receiving context. Heine understands world literature as both universal and locally specific (i.e., belonging to and embodying a particular Volk), and as embedded in other disciplines and social forces. He draws heavily on Herder, who was keenly attentive to the differences that defined the various national literatures and encouraged their interaction. Heine went further than Herder, however, in his understanding of literature’s place in the world, and foregrounded the political, social and economic significance of what made the literatures of the various Völker unique. Departing from the vision of harmony and integration with which he associated Herder, Heine emphasized the dissonance and spirit of competition that marked encounters between national literatures. Heine’s notion of world literature relied on the generative distinctions that persist between peoples and literatures, even amid constant cultural exchange.

摘要

本文探讨了海因里希·海涅作为世界文学思想家的重要性、他对约翰·戈特弗里德·赫尔德作品的借鉴，以及他与后者的主要分歧。本文通过分析海涅对各种民族文学的处理，表明他的世界文学观的特点是强调从一种文学传统到另一种文学传统的借用、插入和翻译，以丰富接受语境。海涅将世界文学理解为普遍的和地方性的（即属于并体现特定的民族), 并嵌入其他学科和社会力量中。他在很大程度上借鉴了赫尔德，赫尔德敏锐地关注定义不同国家文学的差异并鼓励它们的互动。然而，海涅在对文学在世界上的地位的理解上比赫尔德走得更远，他强调了使不同民族的文学独一无二的政治、社会和经济意义。海涅背离了他与赫尔德相关的和谐与融合的愿景，强调了民族文学之间相遇的不和谐与竞争精神。海涅的世界文学概念依赖于民族和文学之间持续存在的生成性区别，即使在不断的文化交流中也是如此。