A large and highly heterogeneous group of individuals conducts genetic and genomic research outside of traditional corporate and academic settings. They can be an important source of innovation, but their activities largely take place beyond the purview of existing regulatory systems for promoting safe and ethical practices. Historically the gene-targeting technology available for non-traditional genomic research has been limited, and therefore these activities have attracted little regulatory attention. New technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9, however, give nonconventional experimenters more extensive gene editing abilities at an unprecedented level of accessibility. The affordability and accessibility of these powerful technologies are raising questions about whether the current largely laissez-faire governance approach is adequate. This article recommends steps to enhance self-governance, including establishing umbrella organizations to represent community interests, creating a community IRB modelled on the DIYBio Ask a Safety Expert Service, and adopting an ethical obligation to report rogue experiments.

中文翻译：

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管理非常规基因实验

一大群高度异质的个体在传统的企业和学术环境之外进行遗传和基因组研究。它们可以成为创新的重要来源，但它们的活动在很大程度上超出了现有监管系统的范围，以促进安全和道德实践。从历史上看，可用于非传统基因组研究的基因靶向技术一直很有限，因此这些活动很少引起监管关注。然而，CRISPR/Cas9 等新技术以前所未有的可访问性水平为非常规实验者提供了更广泛的基因编辑能力。这些强大技术的可负担性和可及性引发了关于当前基本上自由放任的治理方法是否足够的问题。