Abstract

Resynthesized rapeseed lines (2n = 4x = 38, AACC), which recreate the historical hybridization between progenitor species Brassica rapa (2n = 2x = 20, AA) and B. oleracea (2n = 2x = 18, CC) to produce Brassica napus (2n = 4x = 38, AACC), have been an important research subject for many years. These lines not only comprise useful genetic resources in rapeseed breeding for the introgression of genetic diversity and many agronomically important traits, but have also increased our understanding of how meiosis evolved in polyploid plants. In this review, we discuss and summarize how these lines have been produced via interspecific crosses over several decades and the resulting fertility and agronomically useful traits in this germplasm, as well as meiotic instability issues in these hybrids, and the putative role of meiosis genes, gene expression and other gene regulatory networks in the stabilization of meiosis. Finally, we discuss the direct use of resynthesized and semi-resynthesized Brassica napus for hybrid breeding as well as for the study of other unexplored agronomic traits of interest for the improvement of elite rapeseed cultivars.

摘要

重新合成的油菜籽品系 (2 n  = 4 x = 38, AACC)，它再现了祖先物种Brassica rapa (2 n  = 2 x  = 20, AA) 和B. oleracea (2 n  = 2 x  = 18, CC  ) 之间的历史杂交) 生产欧洲油菜(2 n  = 4 x = 38, AACC)，多年来一直是重要的研究课题。这些品系不仅包含油菜育种中用于遗传多样性渗入和许多重要农艺性状的有用遗传资源，而且还增加了我们对减数分裂如何在多倍体植物中进化的理解。在这篇综述中，我们讨论并总结了这些品系是如何通过几十年来的种间杂交产生的，以及这种种质中由此产生的生育力和农艺学上有用的性状，以及这些杂种中的减数分裂不稳定问题，以及减数分裂基因的推定作用，减数分裂稳定中的基因表达和其他基因调控网络。最后，我们讨论直接使用再合成和半再合成的油菜用于杂交育种以及研究其他未开发的感兴趣的农艺性状以改良优良油菜品种。