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Intergenerational Linkages, Uncertain Lifetime and Educational and Health Expenditures
The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics ( IF 0.233 ) Pub Date : 2022-11-17 , DOI: 10.1515/bejm-2021-0095
Sharmila Gamlath 1 , Radhika Lahiri 1
Affiliation  

Empirical evidence suggests a positive correlation between health and educational outcomes at the aggregate level. However, both inter and intra-country data suggest that these variables may not always be monotonically increasing in income, pointing towards household income as a possible mitigating factor in the relationship between health and education expenditures and outcomes. We develop an overlapping generations model where agents spend their childhood studying, undertake expenditures to educate their offspring and health expenditures to improve their own longevity in adult age, and spend old age in retirement. Our model is characterised by two equilibria. In one equilibrium, longevity enhancing health expenditure is an inferior good, resulting in agents substituting health expenditures in favour of education expenditures on offspring as their income increases. In the other equilibrium, health expenditure is a normal good, but for incomes below a certain level, an increase in income causes agents to raise health expenditures whilst lowering education expenditures on offspring, while for incomes above this level all expenditures are increasing in income. These results suggest that the relationship between parental longevity and offspring’s human capital depends on income and whether agents consider longevity enhancing health expenditure to be an inferior or normal good. Dynamics of the model show that the economy could either achieve unbounded growth or converge towards a lower bound of income in the long run.

中文翻译:

代际联系、不确定的一生以及教育和卫生支出

经验证据表明,在总体水平上,健康与教育成果之间存在正相关关系。然而,国家间和国家内部的数据都表明,这些变量在收入方面可能并不总是单调增加,表明家庭收入可能是健康和教育支出与成果之间关系的一个缓和因素。我们开发了一个世代相交的模型,在这个模型中,代理人将他们的童年花在学习上,承担教育他们的后代的支出和健康支出以提高他们成年后的寿命,并在退休时度过晚年。我们的模型具有两个均衡点。在一个均衡中,延长寿命的健康支出是次等商品,导致代理人随着收入的增加而用健康支出代替对后代的教育支出。在另一个均衡中,健康支出是正常品,但对于低于一定水平的收入,收入的增加会导致代理人增加健康支出,同时降低对后代的教育支出,而对于高于这一水平的收入,所有支出都会增加收入。这些结果表明,父母寿命与后代人力资本之间的关系取决于收入,以及代理人是否将延长寿命的健康支出视为劣质品或正常品。模型的动力学表明,从长远来看,经济要么实现无限增长,要么收敛于收入的下限。健康支出是正常品,但对于低于一定水平的收入,收入增加会导致代理人增加健康支出,同时降低对后代的教育支出,而对于高于这一水平的收入,所有支出都在增加收入。这些结果表明,父母寿命与后代人力资本之间的关系取决于收入,以及代理人是否将延长寿命的健康支出视为劣质品或正常品。模型的动力学表明,从长远来看,经济要么实现无限增长,要么收敛于收入的下限。健康支出是正常品,但对于低于一定水平的收入,收入增加会导致代理人增加健康支出,同时降低对后代的教育支出,而对于高于这一水平的收入,所有支出都在增加收入。这些结果表明,父母寿命与后代人力资本之间的关系取决于收入,以及代理人是否将延长寿命的健康支出视为劣质品或正常品。模型的动力学表明,从长远来看,经济要么实现无限增长,要么收敛于收入的下限。而对于高于这一水平的收入,所有支出都在增加收入。这些结果表明,父母寿命与后代人力资本之间的关系取决于收入,以及代理人是否将延长寿命的健康支出视为劣质品或正常品。模型的动力学表明,从长远来看,经济要么实现无限增长,要么收敛于收入的下限。而对于高于这一水平的收入,所有支出都在增加收入。这些结果表明,父母寿命与后代人力资本之间的关系取决于收入,以及代理人是否将延长寿命的健康支出视为劣质品或正常品。模型的动力学表明,从长远来看,经济要么实现无限增长,要么收敛于收入的下限。
更新日期:2022-11-17
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