CD8+ T cells are activated by TCRs that recognize specific cognate Ags, while NK-cell activation is regulated by a balance between signals from germline-encoded activating and inhibitory NK receptors. Through these different processes of Ag recognition, CD8+ T cells and NK cells play distinct roles as adaptive and innate immune cells, respectively. However, some human CD8+ T cells have been found to express activating or inhibitory NK receptors. CD8+ T-cell populations expressing NK receptors straddle the innate-adaptive boundary with their innate-like features. Recent breakthrough technical advances in multi-omics analysis have enabled elucidation of the unique immunologic characteristics of these populations. However, studies have not yet fully clarified the heterogeneity and immunological characteristics of each CD8+ T-cell population expressing NK receptors. Here we aimed to review the current knowledge of various CD8+ T-cell populations expressing NK receptors, and to pave the way for delineating the landscape and identifying the various roles of these T-cell populations.

中文翻译：

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表达自然杀伤受体的人类 CD8+ T 细胞群。

CD8+ T 细胞被识别特定同源抗原的 TCR 激活，而 NK 细胞激活受种系编码激活和抑制性 NK 受体信号之间的平衡调节。通过这些不同的 Ag 识别过程，CD8+ T 细胞和 NK 细胞分别作为适应性和先天性免疫细胞发挥不同的作用。然而，已发现一些人类 CD8+ T 细胞表达激活性或抑制性 NK 受体。表达 NK 受体的 CD8+ T 细胞群以其先天样特征跨越先天适应性边界。最近在多组学分析方面取得的突破性技术进步使得能够阐明这些人群的独特免疫学特征。然而，研究尚未完全阐明表达 NK 受体的每个 CD8+ T 细胞群的异质性和免疫学特征。在这里，我们旨在回顾表达 NK 受体的各种 CD8+ T 细胞群的当前知识，并为描绘景观和识别这些 T 细胞群的各种作用铺平道路。