This study attempts to describe how metapragmatic devices can exert change in indirect reporting. This was achieved through the analysis of naturally occurring indirect reports during interaction. Specifically, indirect reports were extracted from a series of expert talks (≈800 minutes) broadcast by Iranian national TV. The analysis of these expert talks showed cases of communicative ‘know-hows’, where Persian speakers reflectively managed the dialogue in terms of their interpretation of the original utterance. Accordingly, Persian speakers negotiated the degree of reflexivity by changing the verb of saying and by adhering to specific syntactic markers. Thus, contrary to previous research, the present study revealed that Persian indirect reports can benefit from some syntactic markers to show that speakers do not perfectly adhere to the pragmatic force of the original speaker’s utterance. By contrast, Persian speakers use classes of markers, or contextualisation clues (Gumperz 1982), to show their control over the utterances. These markers are generally used to indicate politeness, uncertainty, and summarisation in Persian indirect reports. Such markers can distinguish indirect reports in Persian from those of other languages such as English.

中文翻译：

---

间接报告中的元语用学

本研究试图描述元语用设备如何在间接报告中发挥变化。这是通过分析交互过程中自然发生的间接报告来实现的。具体来说，间接报告是从伊朗国家电视台播出的一系列专家讲座（约 800 分钟）中提取的。对这些专家谈话的分析显示了交际“诀窍”的案例，其中波斯语使用者根据他们对原始话语的解释反思性地管理对话。因此，讲波斯语的人通过改变说的动词和坚持特定的句法标记来协商反身性的程度。因此，与以往的研究相反，目前的研究表明，波斯语间接报告可以从一些句法标记中获益，以表明说话者并没有完全遵守原始说话者话语的语用力量。相比之下，讲波斯语的人使用标记类别或语境化线索 (Gumperz 1982) 来显示他们对话语的控制。这些标记通常用于表示波斯语间接报告中的礼貌、不确定和总结。这些标记可以将波斯语的间接报告与其他语言（例如英语）的间接报告区分开来。波斯间接报告中的总结。这些标记可以将波斯语的间接报告与其他语言（例如英语）的间接报告区分开来。波斯间接报告中的总结。这些标记可以将波斯语的间接报告与其他语言（例如英语）的间接报告区分开来。