The Haitian Creole (Kreyòl) spoken by bilingual speakers is a prestigious form of speech generally referred to as Kreyòl swa (KS), where Frenchified features (e.g. front rounded vowels) are often used. In contrast, monolingual speakers use Kreyòl rèk (KR), a variety in which Frenchified features do not generally occur (Fattier-Thomas 1984; Valdman 2015). In this article, I establish the nasalization of the definite determiner /la/ in non-nasal environments (LÃ), e.g. chat lan for chat la ‘the cat’, as a feature of KS. I show that while bilingual speakers do use both Frenchification and LÃ, monolingual speakers overuse nasalization as compared to bilingual speakers, but use Frenchification less than the bilingual group because it is harder to produce. Based in these findings, I suggest that the sociolinguistic situation of Haiti is more complex, i.e. it is extended beyond the relationship between French and Kreyòl.

中文翻译：

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关于 Kreyòl swa 的影响

双语者所说的海地克里奥尔语 (Kreyòl) 是一种著名的语音形式，通常称为 Kreyòl swa (KS)，其中经常使用法语化特征（例如前圆唇元音）。相比之下，单语者使用 Kreyòl rèk (KR)，这是一种通常不会出现法语化特征的变体（Fattier-Thomas 1984；Valdman 2015）。在本文中，我建立了非鼻音环境 (LÃ) 中定定词 /la/ 的鼻音化，例如，chat lan 表示 chat la 'the cat'，作为 KS 的一个特征。我表明虽然双语者确实同时使用 Frenchification 和 LÃ，但与双语者相比，单语者过度使用鼻音化，但使用 Frenchification 的次数少于双语者，因为它更难产生。基于这些发现，我认为海地的社会语言学情况更为复杂，即。e. 它扩展到 French 和 Kreyòl 之间的关系之外。