This paper analyzes the speech of 27 Trinidadian professionals (lawyers, lecturers, and politicians), who are typical speakers of Standard Trinidadian English in formal contexts, where traditionally Standard English is targeted. We investigate phonetic variation in Trinidadian English speech with regard to the varying integration of Creole features. The paper presents the results of an acoustic study of 10 vowels and an auditory analysis of three consonantal variables, using data from the Trinidad and Tobago component of the International Corpus of English. The analysis shows that exonormative influences do not play a role. Individual Trinidadian Creole features are integrated into standard speech (voiced TH-stopping, partial overlap of bath-start-trap, partial overlap of strut-lot) and some realizations are identical in both codes (face and goat), while others are avoided (voiceless TH-stopping, the realization of down with as a monophthong with a velar nasal, the cloth-thought merger, and the realization of mouth as [ɔʊ]). These results from Trinidad confirm the validity of Irvine’s (2004, 2008) model of load-bearing and non load-bearing variables for the distinction between English and Creole. The conclusion highlights methodological differences to Irvine’s study and discusses an extended conceptualization of Standard English that incorporates variation along the dimension of exo- versus endonormativity.

中文翻译：

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特立尼达专业人士所说的标准英语的语音变化

本文分析了 27 位特立尼达专业人士（律师、讲师和政治家）的演讲，他们是正式场合中标准特立尼达英语的典型发言者，传统上目标是标准英语。我们调查了特立尼达英语语音中与克里奥尔语特征的不同整合有关的语音变化。该论文使用国际英语语料库特立尼达和多巴哥部分的数据，介绍了对 10 个元音的声学研究结果和对三个辅音变量的听觉分析。分析表明，非规范性影响不起作用。独立的特立尼达克里奥尔语特征被集成到标准语音中（浊音 TH-stopping，bath-start-trap 的部分重叠，strut-lot 的部分重叠）并且两种代码（面部和山羊）中的一些实现是相同的，而其他的则被避免（清音 TH-stopping，将 down with 实现为带有软腭鼻音的单元音，布料思想合并，以及将嘴巴实现为 [ɔʊ]）。特立尼达的这些结果证实了 Irvine (2004, 2008) 的承重和非承重变量模型对区分英语和克里奥尔语的有效性。结论强调了 Irvine 研究的方法论差异，并讨论了标准英语的扩展概念化，该概念化包含沿外规范性与内规范性维度的变化。2008) 用于区分英语和克里奥尔语的承载和非承载变量模型。结论强调了 Irvine 研究的方法论差异，并讨论了标准英语的扩展概念化，该概念化包含沿外规范性与内规范性维度的变化。2008) 用于区分英语和克里奥尔语的承载和非承载变量模型。结论强调了 Irvine 研究的方法论差异，并讨论了标准英语的扩展概念化，该概念化包含沿外规范性与内规范性维度的变化。