Conventionally, regional ionospheric models (RIMs) are established using GNSS at multiple stations. However, this will severely rely on the availability of the local GNSS observation network. In this study, a single-station quad-constellation GNSS regional ionospheric modelling (SQG-RIM) approach is proposed by establishing the RIM with the GPS/GLONASS/BDS/Galileo observations at a single station. To facilitate its application, an algorithm is further proposed to divide the entire modelling region into the core area and the non-core area. Compared with the global ionospheric map (GIM), the SQG-RIM in the core area can increase the ionospheric error correction rate by about 9%. Further, the SQG-RIM is applied to single point positioning (SPP) using a differentiated weighting scheme for different signal-passing areas. Test results indicate that the three-dimensional quad-constellation SPP accuracies are improved by 57% and 52% after applying the SQG-RIM as compared to the Klobuchar and GIM models, respectively.

传统上，区域电离层模型 (RIM) 是使用多个站点的 GNSS 建立的。然而，这将严重依赖当地 GNSS 观测网络的可用性。在本研究中，通过利用单站的GPS/GLONASS/BDS/Galileo观测建立RIM，提出了单站四星座GNSS区域电离层建模（SQG-RIM）方法。为了方便其应用，进一步提出了一种将整个建模区域划分为核心区域和非核心区域的算法。与全球电离层图（GIM）相比，核心区SQG-RIM可提高电离层误差修正率约9%。此外，SQG-RIM应用于单点定位（SPP），针对不同的信号通过区域使用差异化的加权方案。