Although political attention has been devoted to the exploitation of migrant farmworkers in Southern Europe, migrant workers also experience exploitive practices in the agri-food systems of Northern EU countries. Building on critical studies on vulnerability and exploitation and on migration and labour regimes, and drawing on the papers in this Special Issue of EJML, this article critically compares labour migration policies and models for labour market regulations in Northern and Southern European countries (specifically Italy, Spain, Sweden, Germany and the Netherlands), underlining how policies and legislation on migration and labour mobility have contributed to creating specific situational vulnerabilities – especially with respect to the interplay of legal status, nationality and gender – which are exploited within agri-food systems. While there have been relevant national initiatives aimed at addressing the rights of migrant farmworkers during the pandemic, in most of the examined European countries these have mainly consisted of short-term and reparative measures which fail to address the root causes of vulnerabilities to exploitation.

尽管政治上的注意力一直集中在南欧农民工的剥削上，但移民工人在欧盟北部国家的农业食品系统中也经历过剥削行为。基于对脆弱性和剥削以及移民和劳工制度的批判性研究，并借鉴本期EJML特刊中的论文，本文批判性地比较了北欧和南欧国家（特别是意大利、西班牙、瑞典、德国和荷兰）劳动力市场监管的劳动力移民政策和模型，强调了关于移民和劳动力流动的政策和立法如何有助于创造特定的情境脆弱性——特别是在法律地位、国籍和性别的相互作用方面——在农业食品系统中被利用。虽然在大流行病期间有旨在解决移民农场工人权利的相关国家举措，但在大多数接受审查的欧洲国家中，这些举措主要包括短期和补偿措施，未能解决易受剥削的根本原因。