Summary

In the fourth and fifth century there are people in the Roman empire who are bound to a particular estate in the sense that the estate owner can recall them and impose services. Their status, called the colonate, is low. Often it is assumed to have been widespread or even a general feature of a general change in agricultural exploitation. Various theories about its cause have been formulated: chronic indebtedness of farmers, fiscal reorganisations, emergence of large estates. However, already in the middle of the third century in Egypt a similar but private law contract existed, the paramonè. The insertion into the census of an estate under Diocletian gave it a public law aspect, making the estate owner now the contract partner. It implied a change in status for the colonus. It was consequently never a general phenomenon.

中文翻译：

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后罗马帝国的殖民地

概括

在 4 世纪和 5 世纪，罗马帝国的某些人受制于特定的庄园，因为庄园主可以召回他们并强制他们提供服务。他们的地位很低，称为殖民地。通常假定它是普遍的，甚至是农业开发普遍变化的普遍特征。关于其原因的各种理论已经形成：农民的长期负债、财政重组、大庄园的出现。然而，早在 3 世纪中叶，埃及就存在类似的私法合同，即paramonè。在戴克里先统治下将庄园纳入人口普查赋予了它公法方面的意义，使庄园所有者现在成为合同合伙人。这意味着结肠状态的改变. 因此，这从来都不是普遍现象。