Summary

Compared to the writings of other teólogos-juristas belonging to the so-called School of Salamanca, Pedro de Oñate’s (1567-1646) De contractibus has met with little if almost no interest in the literature. It nevertheless marks an epochal achievement in the history of juridical and economic thought. Published between 1646 and 1654, Oñate’s De contractibus epitomizes five centuries of scholastic thinking about the moral regulation of the market. It is a spectacular work, addressing hundreds of problems related to contractual agreements and commercial life in general. This paper offers an overview of Oñate’s lengthy assessment of monopolistic practices, including price-fixing cartels, import barriers, the creation of artificial scarcity, and legal monopolies, including the conceptualization of intellectual property. Two major conclusions can be reached from the close-reading of Oñate’s treatment of monopolistic practices. First, Oñate’s opinions are marked by an even starker emphasis on individual rights, property and freedom than those of his colleagues working in major cities on the other side of the Atlantic. Second, his analysis is not only the reflection of his extraordinary knowledge of centuries of scholastic thinking about the morality of the market, but also of his practical experience in the New World.

中文翻译：

---

“Mercatores isti regulandi”：Pedro de Oñate 的 De contractibus 中的市场垄断和道德规范

概括

与属于所谓的萨拉曼卡学派的其他teólogos-juristas的著作相比，Pedro de Oñate（1567-1646 年）的De contractibus在文献中几乎没有引起人们的兴趣。然而，它标志着法律和经济思想史上划时代的成就。Oñate 的De contractibus于 1646 年至 1654 年间出版集中体现了五个世纪以来关于市场道德规范的学术思想。这是一部了不起的作品，解决了与合同协议和一般商业生活相关的数百个问题。本文概述了 Oñate 对垄断行为的冗长评估，包括固定价格的卡特尔、进口壁垒、人为稀缺的产生和合法垄断，包括知识产权的概念化。仔细阅读奥尼亚特对垄断行为的处理，可以得出两个主要结论。首先，与在大西洋彼岸大城市工作的同事相比，奥尼亚特的观点更加强调个人权利、财产和自由。第二，