This paper discusses the dynamics of bank regulation in the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) region during the period before the 1990s and post 1990s and describes the trends in bank regulatory measures between 1995 and 2017 using the updated databases of the World Bank’s Bank Regulation and Supervision Surveys. Before the 1990s, bank regulation in the majority of SSA countries was inadequate and that led to multiple occurrences of banking crises. As a result, many countries introduced the financial sector reforms from the late 1980s that included major adjustments in the banking regulatory and supervisory frameworks. In both low-income and middle-income SSA economies, bank regulatory environment became more stringent over time, driven by increased restrictions on bank entry barriers and ownership structure, as well as the introduction of macroprudential policies in the case of the former, while in the case of the latter, it was influenced by more restrictions on bank ownership structure and capital regulation requirements, as well as the adoption of macroprudential policies. Overall, the bank regulatory environment was slightly more stringent in middle-income than in low-income SSA countries over the period under review.

中文翻译：

---

部分撒哈拉以南非洲国家的银行监管：动态和趋势

本文讨论了 1990 年代之前和 1990 年代后撒哈拉以南非洲 (SSA) 地区银行监管的动态，并使用世界银行的银行监管更新数据库描述了 1995 年至 2017 年银行监管措施的趋势。监督调查。1990年代之前，多数SSA国家银行监管不力，导致多次发生银行业危机。因此，许多国家从 20 世纪 80 年代后期开始实施金融部门改革，其中包括对银行监管框架的重大调整。在低收入和中等收入 SSA 经济体中，由于对银行进入壁垒和所有权结构的限制增加，银行监管环境随着时间的推移变得更加严格，以及前者出台宏观审慎政策，而后者则受到更多银行股权结构限制和资本监管要求的影响，以及宏观审慎政策的出台。总体而言，在审查期间，中等收入国家的银行监管环境比低收入 SSA 国家略微严格。