The present study aims to identify the internal and external factors that affect the profitability of banks operating in Turkey. For this purpose, the study used data from 23 public, private, and foreign banks, covering the period from 2007 to 2020. Two dependent variables were used as the profitability indicators of banks, namely, the Return on Equity (ROE) and the Return on Assets (ROA). In order to increase the reliability of the models developed during the study, Dynamic Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and Fixed Effect Model (FEM) were applied. Results of the analysis indicate a positive and statistically significant relation between inflation rate and GDP growth rate, and ROA and ROE. According to the results of GMM, there was a positive relation between ROA and ROE, and 1-year and 2-year lagged ROA and ROE. This situation may be explained by the fact that profits acquired in the Turkish banking sector are steady. ROA and ROE were observed to have a positive relation with inflation rate and economic growth rate. In other words, the increase in inflation rate and GDP growth rate positively affect profitability of public, private, and foreign banks.

中文翻译：

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用动态方法测试决定银行盈利能力的因素：来自土耳其的证据

本研究旨在确定影响在土耳其运营的银行盈利能力的内部和外部因素。为此，该研究使用了 23 家公共、私营和外资银行的数据，涵盖 2007 年至 2020 年期间。两个因变量被用作银行的盈利指标，即股本回报率 (ROE) 和回报率资产（ROA）。为了提高研究期间开发的模型的可靠性，应用了动态广义矩量法 (GMM) 和固定效应模型 (FEM)。分析结果表明，通货膨胀率和 GDP 增长率以及 ROA 和 ROE 之间存在显着的正相关关系。根据GMM的结果，ROA和ROE之间存在正相关关系，ROA和ROE滞后1年和2年。这种情况可能是因为土耳其银行业获得的利润稳定。据观察，ROA 和 ROE 与通货膨胀率和经济增长率呈正相关。换句话说，通货膨胀率和 GDP 增长率的上升对公共、私人和外资银行的盈利能力产生积极影响。