When Jane Mansbridge’s (1999) article was first submitted, more than 80% of the world’s parliaments featured less than 20% women (IPU 2015). Calculating the parliamentary presence of ethnic and cultural minorities and Indigenous peoples has proved more difficult (Protsyk 2010). This is despite the adoption of two United Nations Declarations, on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities (1992) and on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in 2007. In Aotearoa New Zealand, the representation of women and Māori (the Indigenous peoples) was comparatively better than global averages. In 1996, 29% of parliamentarians were women and 14% were Māori. By 2020, these figures had increased to 48% and 21%, respectively, while in the cabinet, women made up 40% of ministers and Māori accounted for 25%. Reported as the country’s historically most diverse parliament and cabinet (Curtin 2020), it appears that both new (proportional representation) and old (reserved seats for Māori) institutional mechanisms had achieved near proportionality, and a heterogeneity of experiences, potentially enhancing opportunities for deliberation.

中文翻译：

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超越“偶然”：土著人民的描述性代表

当简·曼斯布里奇 (Jane Mansbridge) (1999) 的文章首次提交时，世界上超过 80% 的议会中女性比例不到 20%（议会联盟，2015 年）。事实证明，计算少数族裔和文化少数群体以及原住民在议会中的席位更加困难（Protsyk 2010）。尽管通过了两项联合国宣言，关于在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体的人的权利（1992 年）和 2007 年土著人民的权利。在新西兰奥特罗瓦，妇女和毛利人的代表（土着人民）相对优于全球平均水平。1996 年，29% 的议员是女性，14% 是毛利人。到 2020 年，这些数字分别增加到 48% 和 21%，而在内阁中，女性部长占 40%，毛利人占 25%。