Biodegradation has been applied to remediate explosives contaminants, and bacteria have a high potential for the degradation of explosives, such as hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The present study aims to screen and characterize explosive biodegradable Actinomycetes from water, wastewater, and sludge. Actinomycetes isolates were recovered from 80 environmental samples from diverse environmental resources in explosive contaminated areas of Iran and identified to the genus and species levels using conventional and molecular methods. The growth rate in the presence of pollutants and chromatography was used to determine their biodegradation capability. Twenty-nine isolates (36.25%) of Actinomycetes were characterized from the cultured samples that belonged to 6 genus and 24 validated species. The most prevalent Actinomycetes isolated were genus Mycobacterium with 11 isolates (37.94%), genus Rhodococcus with seven isolates (24.13%), genus Nocardia with four isolates (13.8%), and genus Streptomyces with three isolates (10.33%). Moreover, our results showed that these isolates could degrade and consume 50–80% of RDX and TNT as their sole carbon and energy source. In conclusion, we showed that Actinomycetes from explosive-contaminated areas of Iran could degrade TNT and RDX. Hence, seeking and screening untapped ecosystems that possess unexplored Actinomycetes will increase the chances of discovering the resident microorganism that has been capable of degrading TNT and RDX for application in the bioremediation process. The results of this study can be useful in using intact bacteria in nature to eliminate environmental pollution, which is one of the major environmental problems in the world.

中文翻译：

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放线菌对 2,4,6-三硝基甲苯和六氢-1,3,5-三硝基-1,3,5-三嗪的生物降解，首次从水、废水和污泥中分离和表征

生物降解已应用于修复爆炸物污染物，细菌具有很高的降解爆炸物的潜力，例如六氢-1,3,5-三硝基-1,3,5-三嗪（RDX）和2,4,6-三硝基甲苯（TNT）。本研究旨在筛选和表征来自水、废水和污泥的爆炸性可生物降解放线菌。从伊朗爆炸性污染地区不同环境资源的 80 个环境样本中回收了放线菌分离株，并使用常规和分子方法鉴定到属和种水平。使用污染物存在下的生长速率和色谱法来确定其生物降解能力。从培养样品中鉴定出 29 个放线菌菌株（36.25%），属于 6 个属和 24 个验证种。分枝杆菌属 11 株（37.94%）、红球菌属 7 株（24.13%）、诺卡氏菌属 4 株（13.8%）、链霉菌属三个分离株（10.33%）。此外，我们的结果表明，这些分离物可以降解并消耗 50-80% 的 RDX 和 TNT 作为其唯一的碳和能源。总之，我们证明来自伊朗爆炸物污染地区的放线菌可以降解 TNT 和 RDX。因此，寻找和筛选拥有未开发的放线菌的未开发生态系统将增加发现能够降解 TNT 和 RDX 的常驻微生物以应用于生物修复过程的机会。这项研究的结果可用于利用自然界中的完整细菌来消除环境污染，这是世界上主要的环境问题之一。