This study conceptually replicated and extended Reid, Trofimovich, and O’Brien (2019), who found that native English speakers could be biased positively (or negatively) relative to a control condition in terms of how they rate non-native English speech. Our internet-based study failed to replicate Reid et al. across a wider population sample of “native” speakers (n = 189). Listeners did not change how they rated non-native English speech after social bias orientations and performed similarly across all five measures of speech and across age and race (Asian, Black, and Caucasian). We attribute our results to differences in the methods (in-person vs. online) and/or participants. Of note, roughly one-third of our “native” participants indicated proficiency in languages other than English and residency in 12 different English-speaking countries, despite identifying as a) fluent English speakers who b) used English primarily and c) acquired English before any other language from birth. These screening items taken together qualified “native” participants in line with traditional psycholinguistics research. We conclude that the concept of “nativeness” is tied to culture-specific perspectives surrounding language use. As such, the native/non-native categorical variable simultaneously serves and limits the advancement of psycholinguistics research.

这项研究在概念上复制和扩展了 Reid、Trofimovich 和 O'Brien（2019），他们发现以英语为母语的人在如何评价非英语演讲方面可能相对于控制条件存在积极（或消极）偏见。我们基于互联网的研究未能复制里德等人的研究。涵盖更广泛的“母语”使用者样本（n= 189）。在社会偏见取向之后，听众并没有改变他们对非母语英语演讲的评价，并且在所有五种演讲衡量标准以及不同年龄和种族（亚洲人、黑人和白种人）中表现相似。我们将结果归因于方法（面对面与在线）和/或参与者的差异。值得注意的是，大约三分之一的“母语”参与者表示精通英语以外的语言，并且居住在 12 个不同的英语国家，尽管他们被认定为 a) 英语流利，b) 主要使用英语，c) 之前就已经学会了英语从出生起就任何其他语言。根据传统的心理语言学研究，这些筛选项目将合格的“母语”参与者结合在一起。我们的结论是，“本土性”的概念与围绕语言使用的特定文化观点相关。因此，母语/非母语分类变量同时服务和限制了心理语言学研究的进步。