A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) needs to be heated to an appropriate temperature (around 600°C) before it is switched to start-up mode. A fast heat-up process, which is naturally of interest, can cause high temperature gradients inside the SOFC and the subsequent problems of cracking and delamination. Therefore, in order for the heat-up process to be efficiently managed, the opposing objectives (heat-up duration and temperature gradient) have to be considered simultaneously. The present study investigates the influences of the type of temperature rise function and the average rate of temperature rise (ARTR) on each objective (heat-up duration and temperature gradient). Beside the simple linear temperature rise function of heating fluid considered in previous studies, some innovative nonlinear functions are also introduced and examined in the present study. The results indicate that the rotated-exponential temperature function with an ARTR of 5 K s⁻¹ and the linear temperature function with an ARTR of 0.1 K s⁻¹ are the best choices in terms of heat-up duration and temperature gradient, respectively. This study also attempts to make a compromise between the two objectives and introduces the rotated-quadratic temperature function with an ARTR of 0.4 K s⁻¹ as a representative trade-off solution.

中文翻译：

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基于仿真的固体氧化物燃料电池瞬态加热过程多目标管理

固体氧化物燃料电池 (SOFC) 在切换到启动模式之前需要加热到适当的温度（约 600°C）。自然令人感兴趣的快速加热过程会导致 SOFC 内部的高温梯度以及随后的开裂和分层问题。因此，为了有效管理加热过程，必须同时考虑相反的目标（加热持续时间和温度梯度）。本研究调查了升温函数类型和平均升温率 (ARTR) 对每个目标（加热持续时间和温度梯度）的影响。除了先前研究中考虑的加热流体的简单线性温升函数外，本研究还介绍和检验了一些创新的非线性函数。结果表明，旋转指数温度函数与 ARTR 为 5 K s^-1和 ARTR 为 0.1 K s ^-1的线性温度函数分别是加热持续时间和温度梯度方面的最佳选择。本研究还试图在两个目标之间做出折衷，并引入 ARTR 为 0.4 K s ^-1的旋转二次温度函数作为代表性的权衡方案。