ABSTRACT

In the last few years, there is a general shift observable toward greener lubrication, fueled amongst others by policy initiatives such as the European Green Deal in consistency with the UN Sustainable Development Goals. At least 70 vol% of a lubricant is composed of a specific base oil, the rest is a variation of additives altering the lubricant properties (enhancing or suppressing existent base oil properties or adding new properties) to be operational for a particular field of application. So, in terms of sustainability, biodegradability, bioaccumulation, and toxicity the type of base oil plays a major role, which makes environmentally harmful petroleum-based lubricant formulations highly problematic for future applications. Hence, this leads to an ever-growing demand of environmentally friendly lubricant alternatives. Within the scope of this review lies the investigation of bio-based, bio-derived, and other sustainable lubricant components that could serve as promising replacements for conventional petroleum-based formulations, in accordance with the principles of green chemistry and tribology. As recycling is embraced by the term sustainability, waste-derived components of non-biological origin are also included in this work. An overview of studies on the tribological performance such as friction and wear properties of these sustainable and benign lubricant components is given.

摘要

在过去的几年中，可以观察到向更绿色润滑的普遍转变，其中包括符合联合国可持续发展目标的欧洲绿色协议等政策举措。至少 70 vol% 的润滑剂由特定的基础油组成，其余的是改变润滑剂特性（增强或抑制现有基础油特性或添加新特性）的添加剂变体，以用于特定应用领域。因此，就可持续性、生物降解性、生物蓄积性和毒性而言，基础油的类型起着重要作用，这使得对环境有害的石油基润滑剂配方在未来的应用中存在很大问题。因此，这导致对环保型润滑剂替代品的需求不断增长。根据绿色化学和摩擦学的原则，本综述的范围包括对生物基、生物衍生和其他可持续润滑剂成分的研究，这些成分可以作为传统石油基配方的有前途的替代品。由于可持续性一词包含回收利用，因此这项工作也包括非生物来源的废物衍生成分。对这些可持续和良性润滑剂成分的摩擦学性能（例如摩擦和磨损特性）的研究进行了概述。由于可持续性一词包含回收利用，因此这项工作也包括非生物来源的废物衍生成分。对这些可持续和良性润滑剂成分的摩擦学性能（例如摩擦和磨损特性）的研究进行了概述。由于可持续性一词包含回收利用，因此这项工作也包括非生物来源的废物衍生成分。对这些可持续和良性润滑剂成分的摩擦学性能（例如摩擦和磨损特性）的研究进行了概述。