Upper gastrointestinal tract tumors historically have a poor prognosis. The decision to treat esophageal or gastric cancers by surgery, radiotherapy, systemic therapy, or a combination of these treatment modalities should always be discussed multidisciplinary. The introduction of immunotherapy has drastically transformed the treatment landscape of multiple solid malignancies. Emerging data from early and late phase clinical trials suggests that the use of immunotherapies that target immune checkpoint proteins such as PD-1/PD-L1 result in superior overall survival in advanced, metastatic, or recurrent esophageal and gastric cancer, whether or not with specific molecular characteristics such as PD-L1 expression level or microsatellite instability. This review offers an overview of the most recent advances in the field of immunotherapy treatment in esophageal and gastric cancer.

上消化道肿瘤历来预后较差。通过手术、放疗、全身治疗或这些治疗方式的组合来治疗食管癌或胃癌的决定应始终经过多学科讨论。免疫疗法的介绍彻底改变了多种实体恶性肿瘤的治疗格局。早期和晚期临床试验的新数据表明，使用针对免疫检查点蛋白（例如 PD-1/PD-L1）的免疫疗法可以在晚期、转移性或复发性食管癌和胃癌中带来优异的总体生存率，无论是否患有癌症。特定的分子特征，例如 PD-L1 表达水平或微卫星不稳定性。本综述概述了食管癌和胃癌免疫治疗领域的最新进展。