As biological macromolecules, proteins are involved in important cellular functions ranging from DNA replication and biosynthesis to metabolic signalling and environmental sensing. Protein sequencing can help understand the relationship between protein function and structure, and provide key information for disease diagnosis and new drug design. Nanopore sensors are a novel technology to achieve the goal of label-free and high-throughput protein sequencing. In recent years, nanopore-based biosensors have been widely used in the detection and analysis of biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. At the same time, computer simulations can describe the transport of proteins through nanopores at the atomic level. This paper reviews the applications of nanopore sensors in protein sequencing over the past decade and the solutions to key problems from a computer simulation perspective, with the aim of pointing the way to the future of nanopore protein sequencing.

中文翻译：

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用于单分子蛋白质检测的纳米孔传感器：基于计算机模拟的研究进展。

作为生物大分子，蛋白质参与重要的细胞功能，从 DNA 复制和生物合成到代谢信号和环境传感。蛋白质测序有助于了解蛋白质功能和结构之间的关系，为疾病诊断和新药设计提供关键信息。纳米孔传感器是一种实现无标记和高通量蛋白质测序目标的新技术。近年来，基于纳米孔的生物传感器被广泛应用于DNA、RNA、蛋白质等生物分子的检测和分析。同时，计算机模拟可以在原子水平上描述蛋白质通过纳米孔的传输。