Oral malignant and potentially malignant conditions affect several people worldwide each year. The early diagnoses of these conditions play an important role in prevention and recovery. Vibrational spectroscopy techniques such as Raman spectroscopy (RS) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy are used in the early, non-invasive, label-free diagnosis of malignant and pre-malignant conditions, and are areas of active research. However, there is no conclusive evidence suggesting the translatability of these methods into clinical practice. This systematic review and meta-analysis presents pooled evidence for RS and FTIR methods in the detection of malignant and potentially malignant conditions of the oral cavity. Electronic databases were searched for published literature on RS and FTIR in the diagnosis of oral malignant and potentially malignant conditions. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), pre-test, and post-test probability were then calculated using the random-effects model. A subgroup analysis was conducted separately for RS and FTIR methods. A total of 12 studies were included (8 of RS; 4 of FTIR) as per the eligibility criteria. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of the vibrational spectroscopy methods were calculated to be 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90, 1.00) and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.85, 0.98), respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) for the summary receiving operator characteristic curve was found to be 0.99 (0.98–1.00). Therefore, the results obtained in this study suggest that the RS and FTIR methods offer great potential to be used in the early diagnosis of oral malignant and pre-malignant conditions.

口腔恶性和潜在恶性病症每年影响全世界许多人。这些病症的早期诊断在预防和康复中起着重要作用。振动光谱拉曼光谱 (RS) 和傅立叶变换红外 (FTIR) 光谱等技术用于恶性和癌前病变的早期、非侵入性、无标记诊断，并且是活跃的研究领域。然而，没有确凿的证据表明这些方法可转化为临床实践。该系统回顾和荟萃分析提供了 RS 和 FTIR 方法在检测口腔恶性和潜在恶性疾病方面的综合证据。在电子数据库中搜索有关 RS 和 FTIR 在诊断口腔恶性和潜在恶性疾病方面的已发表文献。汇总敏感性、特异性、诊断准确性、阳性​​似然比（PLR）、阴性似然比（NLR）、诊断比值比（DOR）、预检、然后使用随机效应模型计算测试后概率。对 RS 和 FTIR 方法分别进行了亚组分析。根据资格标准，总共包括 12 项研究（8 项 RS；4 项 FTIR）。综合敏感性和特异性振动光谱方法的计算结果分别为 0.99（95% 置信区间 [CI]：0.90、1.00）和 0.94（95% CI：0.85、0.98）。汇总接收操作员特征曲线的曲线下面积 (AUC) 被发现为 0.99 (0.98–1.00)。因此，本研究获得的结果表明，RS 和 FTIR 方法在口腔恶性和癌前病变的早期诊断中具有巨大的潜力。