High-quality seismic data is key to determining the success or failure of oil and gas exploration in complex mountain fronts. Observation systems are important factors affecting the quality of the seismic collection. Currently, the seismic collection design of piedmont zones is mainly based on optimizing and analyzing a single collection parameter. The multiparameter optimization is not performed as a whole. Moreover, the collection parameters that significantly impact the imaging quality of piedmont zones are not deeply excavated. This paper first uses the relationship between the acquisition parameters and the signal-to-noise ratio of a previous seismic data analysis to solve this problem and then obtains the prestack offset profiles of different acquisition parameters through forward modeling and prestack offset methods, further analyzes the acquisition parameters that have a more significant impact on imaging quality, uses the degenerative treatment method to process and analyze the newly collected seismic data, and delves into the most sensitive acquisition parameters for imaging quality. The results show that the influence of the gun line distance is the largest, and the influence of the receiving line distance, the number of receiving lines, and the number of receiving channels is reduced. Therefore, the effect of each acquisition parameter on the imaging quality is different, and different acquisition parameters should be selected according to the depth of the target layer.

高质量的地震数据是决定复杂山地油气勘探成败的关键。观测系统是影响地震采集质量的重要因素。目前，山前带地震采集设计主要基于对单个采集参数的优化分析。多参数优化不是作为一个整体执行的。此外，对山前带成像质量有显着影响的采集参数并未深入挖掘。本文首先利用前人地震资料分析的采集参数与信噪比之间的关系来解决该问题，然后通过正演建模和叠前偏移方法得到不同采集参数的叠前偏移剖面，进一步分析对成像质量影响较大的采集参数，采用退化处理方法对新采集的地震数据进行处理分析，深入挖掘对成像质量最为敏感的采集参数。结果表明，炮线距离的影响最大，接收线距离、接收线数、接收通道数的影响减小。因此，各采集参数对成像质量的影响不同，应根据目标层的深度选择不同的采集参数。并深入研究对成像质量最敏感的采集参数。结果表明，炮线距离的影响最大，接收线距离、接收线数、接收通道数的影响减小。因此，各采集参数对成像质量的影响不同，应根据目标层的深度选择不同的采集参数。并深入研究对成像质量最敏感的采集参数。结果表明，炮线距离的影响最大，接收线距离、接收线数、接收通道数的影响减小。因此，各采集参数对成像质量的影响不同，应根据目标层的深度选择不同的采集参数。