Jockeys are unique given that they make weight daily and, therefore, often resort to fasting and dehydration. Through increasing daily food frequency (during energy deficit), we have reported short-term improvements in jockey’s body composition. While these changes were observed over 6–12 weeks with food provided, it is unclear whether such improvements can be maintained over an extended period during free-living conditions. We, therefore, assessed jockeys over 5 years using dual X-ray absorptiometry, resting metabolic rate, and hydration measurements. Following dietary and exercise advice, jockeys reduced fat mass from baseline of 7.1 ± 1.4 kg to 6.1 ± 0.7 kg and 6.1 ± 0.6 kg (p < .001) at Years 1 and 5, respectively. In addition, fat-free mass was maintained with resting metabolic rate increasing significantly from 1,500 ± 51 kcal/day at baseline to 1,612 ± 95 kcal/day and 1,620 ± 92 kcal/day (p < .001) at Years 1 and 5, respectively. Urine osmolality reduced from 816 ± 236 mOsmol/L at baseline to 564 ± 175 mOsmol/L and 524 ± 156 mOsmol/L (p < .001) at Years 1 and 5, respectively. The percent of jockeys consuming a regular breakfast significantly increased from 48% at baseline to 83% (p = .009) and 87% (p = .003) at Years 1 and 5, alongside regular lunch from 35% to 92% (p < .001) and 96% (p < .001) from baseline to Years 1 and 5, respectively. In conclusion, we report that improved body composition can be maintained in free-living jockeys over a 5-year period when appropriate guidance has been provided.

骑师是独一无二的，因为他们每天都在增重，因此经常求助于禁食和脱水。通过增加每日进食频率（在能量不足期间），我们报告了骑师身体成分的短期改善。虽然在提供食物的情况下观察到这些变化超过 6-12 周，但尚不清楚在自由生活条件下是否可以在较长时间内维持这种改善。因此，我们使用双 X 射线吸收测定法、静息代谢率和水合测量对 5 年以上的骑师进行了评估。遵循饮食和运动建议，骑师将脂肪量从基线 7.1 ± 1.4 kg 减少到 6.1 ± 0.7 kg 和 6.1 ± 0.6 kg ( p < .001) 分别在第 1 年和第 5 年。此外，在第 1 年和第 5 年，静息代谢率从基线时的 1,500 ± 51 kcal/day 显着增加到 1,612 ± 95 kcal/day 和 1,620 ± 92 kcal/day ( p <  .001 )分别。 在第 1 年和第 5 年，尿液渗透压从基线时的 816 ± 236 mOsmol/L 分别降低到 564 ± 175 mOsmol/L 和 524 ± 156 mOsmol/L ( p < .001)。 在第 1 年和第 5 年，吃规律早餐的骑师比例从基线时的 48% 显着增加到 83% ( p  = .009) 和 87% ( p = .003)，同时规律午餐从 35% 增加到 92% ( p  < .001) 和 96% ( p < .001) 从基线到第 1 年和第 5 年。总之，我们报告说，在提供适当指导的情况下，自由生活的骑师可以在 5 年内保持改善的身体成分。